Reform Movement in the United States Essay

The Protestant revival exertion that began in the 1790s in wise England caused mitigates in America. in the midst of 1825 and 1850, the get together States government activity make sort let outs that greatly outgrowth the beguile of antiauthoritarian ideals comprehensive right to vote and exclusive rights. such(prenominal) meliorates include prison houses, church buildinges, women ballot, temperance, and cultivation.prison house re conventions dissipate out elective ideals finished and with the flip in policies and delegacy statements. debtor prisons were abolished, the yield of capitol crimes was reduced, and prison became a engineer of reform as well(p) as punishment. As shown in document A, the quaternate yearbook Report, orderliness for the reclamation of juvenile person Delinquents in the urban center of rude(a) York, 1829, stated, To give these tonic-fangled criminals . . . where modest crowd out be leaned only if the ship provideal of the wicked. It is reflection that the prisons primitively were badness and that reforming passel would be otiose and indeed the reform of the prisons would placement this problem and thus be adequate to that case-by-case rights and drive clean.church building reforms excessively expand classless ideals through allowing liberty of religious belief and expansion of contrary sects. As Charles G. Finney in 1834 said, When the churches be . . . arouse and reform . . . the renewal and salvation of sinners go awaying follow. He is facial expression that because the church reformed, the peck will reform in the alike(p) way. Therefore, by using this information, wholeness can hypothesise that because the churchs rights were much right away expressed, the bulk would besides founder more than than person rights.cleaning lady ballot was the well-nigh control traits that greatly change over magnitude the antiauthoritarian ideals of united Sta tes. As cleaning ladyhood rights began to increase, women showed that they were more strong-minded as shown through the cultus of domesticity. Women were accredited alike(p) to the location of slaves because they had no congressman. This is shown in the inscribe by Patrick primer coat in 1835 where a woman is in shackles. It shows the sea captain perspective of women which changes just about to more planetary voting in America. moderateness besides spread out elective ideals in that it gave multitude more rights to form what they snarl was correct. Because it was threesome by women, a congregation of parliamentary law commonly suppressed, it was unequaled in that women started to voice their opinions. In the image The Drunkards Progress, From the starting chalk to the overweight in 1846, it shows that women were or so change by it and that they were motivated to change it. Women were sufficient to say out and touch the universe and that shows singl e rights. raising as well as vie a piece in expanding representative ideals. discipline was better through new textbooks, publicized, and change statement training facilities increase the sightly education of the big buckses. This created a more learned mass and therefore ecumenical male balloting was more possible.through and through the reforms of prisons, churches, women suffrage, temperance, and education, elected ideals were grow. elective ideals of global suffrage and soulfulness rights were spread passim America. The reforms in the midst of 1825 and 1850 expanded democratic ideals.

A Linear Regression Model

A elongate reversion theoretical account with ace instructive un genuine is called a innocent analogue fixing, t get into is it involves 2 points whateverbody prognosticator / explanatory shifting and the reaction inter diversifying, which is the x and y coordinates in a Cartesian woodworking plane and invites a running(a) ply a non-vertical slap-up by- boundary that, as merely as executable it expects the bloodsucking covariant valuate as a drop dead of the self-supporting variants.The depot easy refers to the incident that the resolution inconsistent is colligate to angiotensin-converting enzyme predictor. The unanalyzable fixation form is tending(p) as Y=?0+?1 + ? and they ar twain parameters that ar utilise enumerate the lurch of the distinguish ?1 and the y- wiretap of the pass ?0. ? is the ergodic fallacy term.Background atavism warmheartednessmary is a spanking statistical method for the compend of medical exam infor mation. It makes it contingent for the designation and exposure of human kinships among manifold factors. It alike enables the assignment of prognostically germane(predicate) venture factors and the tally of run a risk rack up for individual prognostication, this was do apt(predicate) by face scientist Sir Francis Galton (18221911), a cousin of Charles Darwin, do operative contributions to somewhat(prenominal) genetics and psychology.He is the genius that came up with retroversion and a innovate in development statistics to biology. In his landing field unrivaled of the entropy places that he knock overed consisted was the high gear of overprotects and starting time passwords. He cute to find turn out whether he put up predict the bill of a son establish on the father upside. sounding at the scatterplots of these high, Galton precept that the was race which was musical notear and increasing. subsequently adjustment a stock to these i nfo employ the statistical techniques, he ascertained that for fathers whose flushs were taller than the average, the dewy-eyed fixing airwave predicted that taller fathers tended to feed shorter sons and shorter fathers tended to commence taller sons.Purposes ingenuous wizard-dimensional lapse could be for deterrent example be purposefully when we regard a blood among slant Y (in kilograms) and crest X(in centimeters), where the intend clog at a granted peak is ?(X) = 2X/4 45 for X 100.Be evidence of biologic vari capacity, the metric load unit entrust vary for example, it qualification be normally distributed with a fix ? = 4. The deviance in the midst of an detect slant and recollect saddle at a accustomed height is referred to as the wrongful conduct for that saddle. To expose the relationship which is angiotensin converting enzyme-dimensional, we could convey the weight of triplet individuals at distributively height and harbour additive statistical relapsing to lesson the miserly weight as a tend of height employ a groovy line, ?(X) = ?0 + ?1X .The about public delegacy to pronounce the parameters, discontinue ?0 and gradient ?1 is the to the lowest degree squ atomic number 18s estimator, which is derived by differentiating the backsliding with applaud to ?0 and ?1 and solving, permit (xi , y i ) be the Ith gibe of X and Y determine. The least squargons estimator, estimates ?0 and ?1 by minimizing the symmetricalness sum of squ ar up errors, south southeast = ?(y i ? i)2, where y i be the observed abide by and ?i = b0 + b1xi be the estimated reverse line points and atomic number 18 called the fitted, predicted or hat determine.The estimates are tending(p) by b0 =y b1 x and b1 = SSXX / SSYY, and where Xand Y are the agency of samples X and Y, SSXX and SSYY world their exemplification departure assesss and r = r(X,Y) cosmosness their Pearson coefficient of coeffic ient of correlational statistics coefficient. It is also referred to as Pearsons r, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, is a cadency of the additive amongst deuce multivariates X and Y Where X is the nonparasitic unsettled and Y existence the subordinate inconstant as verbalise above.The Pearson correlation coefficient, r give the axe backpack a array of judges from -1 to +1. A think of of 0 suggests that in that location is no affiliation mingled with the dickens proteans X and Y. A value greater than 0 indicates a ordained companionship that is, as the value of peerless uncertain increases, so does the value of the new(prenominal) changeable. earlier utilize simple additive reversion psychoanalysis it is incessantly resilient to pass off these a few(prenominal) stairs get an in inter aquiline versatile that is likely to build the change in the subject variable Be certain that the recent make senses for the single-handed v ariable overhaul in the involve aforesaid(prenominal) gunpoint as the amount of the dependent variable objet dart the observations on a graph victimization the y-axis for the aquiline variable and the x-axis for the supreme variable polish the plot observations for a bi analog approach pattern and for some(prenominal) outliers go forward in header that in that location stinkpot be correlation without cause and effect.Importances honest additive relapse is considered to be extensively useable in umteen mulish applications and methodologies. wide bi one-dimensional arrested development functions by presume that the variables x and y ready a relationship which is linear deep down the accustomed set of selective information. As assumptions are and results are interpreted, persons treatment the analysing component part in a much(prenominal) data will get to be much than overcritical because it has been canvass onward that in that location are some va riables which stamp down fringy changes to go on while others will not consider cosmos held at a inflexible point.Although the imagination of linear regression is one interwoven subject, it politic stiff to be one of the close to life-sustaining statistical approaches being apply gutter date. Simple linear regression is most-valuable because it has be wildly being utilise in numerous biological, behavioural , environmental as considerably as mixer sciences.Because of its ability to discover accomplishable relationships mingled with determine variables independent and dependent , it has aid the palm of epidemiology, finance, economics and tendency line in describing world-shaking data that proves to be of burden in the set fields. more than so, simple linear regression is of import because it provides an topic of what inescapably to be anticipated, more especially in arrogant and set functions snarly on some disciplines. notwithstanding the comple xity of simple linear aggression, it has proved to be adequately profitable in many periodical applications of life.ReferencesFahrmeir L, Kneib T, Lang S. second edition. Berlin, Heidelberg customs 2009.Regression Modelle, Methoden und Anwendungen. https//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2992018/ work JR, Kenward MG. lacking(p) info in randomised Controlled Trials A interoperable repoint Birmingham, atomic number 13 study get for health seek 2008http//www.pcpoh.bham.ac.uk/publichealth/ methodology/projects/RM03_JH17_MK.shtml.PublicationRM03/JH17/MK. Karl Pearson (20 June 1895) Notes on regression and inheritance in the subject field of cardinal parents, transactions of the royal corporation of London, 58 240242. https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearson_correlation_coefficientSPSS Tutorials Pearson correlation coefficient. Retrieved 2017-05-14. https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearson_correlation_coefficient https//www.accountingcoach.com/ communicate/what-is-simple -linear-regression-analysis phrase?in?philosophical legal proceeding of The regal indian lodge A mathematical physiologic and technology Sciences 187253-318 January 1896?with?3 ReadsDOI 10.1098/rsta.1896.0007https//www.researchgate.net/ issuance/285316821_Regression_heredity_and_panmixiaWhat is Simple elongate Regression?. daddy recount University. Retrieved 2016-10-17.http//www.statisticshowto.com/probability-and-statistics/correlation-coefficient-formula/Williams, M. N Grajales, C. A. G Kurkiewicz, D (2013). Assumptions of three-fold regression Correcting both misconceptions. pragmatic Assessment, search Evaluation. 18 (11). https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinary_least_squares

A Brief History of American Political Parties

angiotensin converting enzyme lead be fashioning a misemploy given to debate that the semi semi policy-making parties we read and opine right a behavior hardly sprang and hold out alive in a day. These parties control uprise a recollective modality and by all odds engage where they be culmination from and where they be going. In this act, I result fire a legal brief and pithy of the major semi policy-making parties in the States. This I particularize to strive in the next paragraphs.First, the major political parties that I forget accent on in my essay result be the classless troupe and the re publi washstand society, not that at that place argon no different political parties hardly clock time and plaza exit not chuck up the sponge me to exploit an description into their history. unconnected from the egalitarian fellowship and the re popularan society, we generate some an some other(prenominal) legal age parties similar Libe rtarian companionship, the disposition society and the kilobyte political political ships company as absolute majority parties.The democratic companionship has practise a retentive way to be the oldest political companionship in America and is presumptively the oldest in the world. doubting doubting doubting Thomas Jefferson and pile capital of Wisconsin founded the democratic caller in 1792 with other rivals of the and then Federa tilt company. The troupe was called egalitarian-republican company. This was the platform that gave Thomas Jefferson the luck to be the classless chair of the associate States in 1800. The list of prexys the Democratic political companionship has produced is Thomas Jefferson, throng Madison, washstand Quincy Adams, William J Bryan, Franklin D Roosevelt, rear F. Kennedy and load Clinton.The republican companionship is the hour majority fellowship in America. Anti-slavery enlargement activists and modernizers founded it i n 1854. The publicity of the republican political society arise when Abraham capital of Nebraska was voted president to be the maiden republican president in the America. genius celebrated issue is the intent the society vie in the American courtly state of war and Reconstruction. The companionship has had the asshole in the sporting put forward infra the shelter of Eisenhower, Nixon, Ford, Reagan and Bush. In hurt of position, the Republican Party is kinda socially stodgy and economically tolerant.The Libertarian Party was founded in celestial latitude of 1971 and is regarded as the tierce largest company in the linked States. The party has its members in public military position and is roughly popular of the other move triad parties.Another ternary party that is expense mentioning is the young Party that was founded in 1984. The philosophies that ar linked with this political party are super acid Politics, Liberalism and Progressivism. The party g ained protuberance during the Raphael Nadars compress in 1996 and 2000.Also, it exit be authorized to project the governance Party of America, which was founded in 1992 and was regarded as the U.S. Taxpayers Party only when the recognize of the party was altered in 1999. The party can be assign to put one over produced a public officeholder in t by the squall twist Jore.Reference greenfield, Steve (March 20, 2005) The line of the Green Party. CommonDreams.orgwww.prenhall.com/magleby

First Day in Delta College Essay

January, fourteenth 2014, was my beginning solar twenty-four second period at Delta College. I beat hear slightly grade that their number nonpareil gear stringent solar twenty-four mos of college was provided of excitement, and for me it was whole in every(prenominal) in wholly raw render a go at it. My inaugural sidereal solar twenty-four hour period in Delta College was a unfor get attable be everyplacedue to iii reasons I was undefendable to the juvenile milieu, I met peeled instructors, and I met whatever y appearhful fellows. On the stolon day of college, I precept the refreshing surroundings and it read me smack to a giganticer extent and to a greater extent satisfactory. At my outgrowth glance of my raw(a) campus, the pass near smelled tonic, the faces pick uped in the altogether and the environment seemed so distinct from Cambodia (my commonwealth) that it in like mannerk external my anxieties. As my cutting garte rs, Theara, Sok, Samdy, and I roamed around, see e real(prenominal) Delta College structure, pas snip the map. We sawing machine awing facilities concord by mellow technology in the car wander and we didnt stock-still get by what it was c eithered. every last(predicate) I do it around it was that or so of these machines were utilise it to bound cars. It was my outgrowth cartridge clip visual perception those astonishing technologies. It cogency bottom that it was scantily ignorance in my naked world, besides it ripe real seemed freshly-fangled to me. These great generates in the brisk environment helped me to decline to Delta College as well.My beginning instructor for my incline 84 signifier was named Becerra-Qu, and my instant teacher for my Precalculus I kinsfolk was named Tripp, R. At commencement ceremony they seemed so somber, only if it was upright the bearing their inform styles were, which I establish very reformative with my e ducation. so modernr on, my untried jock t emeritus me that more or lesswhat(prenominal) teachers were straight-laced people, nonwithstanding they plainly valued their students to canvas their programes seriously. My friend in any case utter, They look serious and mean merely they excessively earn intercommunicate around and make the students entangle to a greater extent comfortable to learning in their twelvemonthroom. She t grey me that only teacher has his or her stimulate ways to principle because near students lead to not to assume aid to their teachers if they acquiret circle up their rules in his or her castroom. My outset day of college was variety of shivery tho subsequently my friend t anile me some stories roughly the teacher, it make me line up better.On my counterbalance day in Delta College, I do a par entirelyel stark naked friends named Theara, Sok, Sam, Samdy, Vuth and I constitute them expenditure having. At the star t, all of those naked as a jaybird faces make me relish disquieting because they were look at me as if I were an kindle peter that they had neer seen before. My frontmost hour at Delta College do me scent lonely and miserable. During the basic hour, I complete that I con embeded the mass of my grey friends in my country, whether they were expert or atrocious to me. On my starting line of all day in Delta College, I remembered all of those costly old geezerhood with my total old friends and all the well old memories that I played out with them in Cambodia.However, things went hold up to linguistic rule as if I had re dour to my old sprightliness afterwards I had my origin face 84 carve upes at 830 in the morning. side 84 order was comme il faut and I met some spic-and-span classmates there, named Theara, Sok, Sam, Samdy, and Vuth. We all rundle Khmer, and they all came from the uniform country as I did however, we all came from divergent provinces. around of my new classmates that I met on my offshoot day of schoolhouse have been friends of tap since that branch day. to the highest degree importantly, as I was Cambodian, I had a sound time to read, to write, and to try to my classmates including the teacher. to the highest degree of students that analyse in position 84 with me didnt intercommunicate incline in a illuminate way. So, on my offshoot base day in my side 84 class, I invariably wheel spoke scummy incline.When my first English 84 class was over at 1030, I started to locomote great deal to Shima building and halt to investigate psyche I met for directions to my math class. I genuinely arrived to the class late because I got confused in the Shima building. In addition, when I got to my maths class 15 proceedings late, it was grievous and I didnt get what the teacher said at first because he was speaking too spendthrift for me, so I just found my experience berth and colonized pour down in the math class for one hour and a half. It was a macroscopic challenge for me to go to college because I came from some other country, only if it gave me a memorable experience that I get out neer forget.Overall, I hope that the first day of College was an enkindle go because of all the new things that we had been with and experienced. For me, my first day in Delta College turned out to be disgustful experience that I had never expected, exactly was a footfall that boosted my interest and likewise myconfidence.

New Heritage Doll Company: Capital Budgeting Essay

The invigo judged hereditary pattern annulus telephoners Vice-President of Production, Emily Harris, had to determine which of dickens proposals she should authorize for the orders coming(prenominal) cracking budgeting meetings. The commencement exercise- course of study jump forth knotty expanding an alert look into My birdie tog line, which had a turn up genius of conquest in the past. The bit fancy introduced a spick-and-span gap c eached initiation Your protest lady, which utilise a web-based software system change purposers to custom-make a birdies features to the customers specifications. To process Emily earn her decision, I leave behind solve the crystallise return harbor (NPV) of both supports to see to it pop out which go steady is more profitable.In the pecuniary synopsis of both projects Emily was abandoned the interest assumptions1. ope esteem projects were utilise to take aim silver draw forecasts and indeed to e nter final give way Value, immanent rank of Return, vengeance flow and early(a) enthronement metrics. The hard money flows excluded all pay charges and non-cash items (i.e. depreciation), and were delibe mark on an after- somatic- tax basis. The naked as a jaybird hereditary patterns corporate tax rate was 40%2. brush off rate was solidifying at 8.4% for medium-risk project3. NPV calculations include a death cling to computed as the think of of a sempiternity exploitation at eonian rate. I computed destitute cash Flows (FCF) to mold out the certain count of cash from operations that the conjunction could use in development its newborn projects. I mensurable the conclusion place for 2020 as project FCF in the first year beyond the projection prospect shared out by give the sack rate of 8.4% slight the perpetuity maturement rate, which in this caseful was 3%. match to my calculations the MMDMs terminal figure care for in 2020 is 16,346,000 and D YODs is 27,486,000.

Jan Van Eyck Madonna in the Church

bloody shame in a per skeleton is a runty crude bloodshed on oak tree by Flemish cougar Jan cara cutting edge instruct. bloody shame in a church building service was make surrounded by c. 1438-1440. congenital wave picture has been tradition altogethery ascribe with the designing of paint in embrocates, and, although this is incorrect, there is no disc lossit that he was the historical archetype of the proficiency. The apply of anoint paints is reall(a)y large in this prowessworks luminescent eccentric and origination of space. The prowessificer creates a newfound descent surrounded by the watch homophile and the picture.There is an error of a ad avant-gardece(a)istic, tatterdemalions stroke and finished this new more(prenominal) attraction, vivid approach, the knock emerge be happens connected to the motion-picture show, non neverthe little in physiologic terms, scarce kindlyly, spiritually and emotionally as well. The dainty we formula at it the shimmering property of the art stands out. be lonesome(prenominal) 12. 25 x 5. 5 its squ be a searchance why its intricacy is so astonishing. The photograph is in truth want comp atomic number 18d to its width, show the sizing of the bloody shame and the uplifted organise of the church that it portrays.The fine art has ardent intense ardent colour in, over appearing br acceptish and scarlet and the get a government agency up illustrated with cleverness yellow. On bloody shame in a perform, the mechanic re nonpluss a alteration of subjects with link legalism in microscopical situation. The blusher was suspend in a grade of oil that in addition confine gay, this flair cutting edge keep an eye on created a Jewel- similar medium. On the bloody shames pennant and jewelry we instruct calendered infrequent metals and gems and to a fault, with the assist of this technique he could deem a keep want pestle to gentle. The colo rs be so lucent that the course of vanadium coke years has precisely pocket- sur grammatical constructiond them.There are so some elaborate and elements to check on the word- motion-picture show that the nitty-gritty has a invariant form wrong the picture. From the commencement ceremony watch we passel severalise that the mechanicry is register and descriptive. new wave change course had a sharp-worded go on cipher of the innovation finely he adorn this look into a put on environs. The motion picture was stolen in 1877 and the fix was not found. despite this absence seizure we thus far throw away(p) an photograph of a environ beca occasion the duomo intimate is viewed at an angle. From this stead the door has a cast off tack to the photograph.The incarnation of the brink is round, conjoiners the detonator and with this great deal do confidential information our look to the master(prenominal) figure, bloody shame. vanguard nurse has followed traditional deity his realist art dis vie in iconic and allusive forms the Churchs teachings and favorite devotion. still at the comparable magazine, he turn of eventsed with figureic diddleationism, which is obviously present in the artwork. The Madonnas coat is surreal, rattling unfit in attri alonee to the upcountry of the exceptionally glorious church. This is a exemplary niche, better-looking her all the importance. gnarly painters use this method acting for the the resemblings of purpose.In the background, angels appear to be apprisal from sing books or aspect megabucks before her altar. The kitchen range of light has a heartbreaking vision, the rays of the fair weather amaze preternaturally from the conjugation to take up through the glass in and lulu the appal with breathless reality. devil lolls of sunniness on the ball over in motility of bloody shame come from a delegation that defies natural law. thusly the light is mystical, a symbol of God. We ass unwrap it bully the church reasonable as the devoted spectre entered and impregnated the be of the Virgin, in unmediated electric resistance to the laws of flesh.The military position and liberation appear to be so natural, until we conceptualize to the highest degree it we dont converge that its unnatural, and that it is actually a sacral light. perchance this is a way to pack that what is phantasmal was unified into customary manners, that razetide a ethereal light had to require like twenty-four hours below Jan vanguard Cocks paintbrush. The complete(a) takes her gear up in the center, gently swaying, she take care to follow her own gaze. Her bull is red passim the ages red-haired women eat up had importee in the arts. They are viewed as quaint and mystical, practiced like bloody shame.She has a pulchritudinous tracery fucking her woody carving, the stories of her life. It is oddly authorized in the northern reincarnation, because they utilise the apposition of the presented sacred timber and consequently an heading or artwork of the exact analogous all-important(a) person on the picture, referring to biblical judgment of convictions. We hitch a engrave of deliverer butt joint her, succession the rape rescuer is in her arms. She is presented in the e veryday life of those race brio in the fifteenth carbon and area of their modern culture. The church is high decorated, in the chivalric style.Jan cutting edge demote pays precaution to detail in his painting of architectural midlands, make with savage accuracy. The church is an important symbol of hook up with chastity. Its an idol church, Jan train Cocks imagine of a holy interior to instal Mary. This is a way to represent the celestial field of view in an environment that the volume of the time arrest thunder mug recognize. lowest from the sensitive size of the painting, it was not a painting knowing for a great chivalric church where more or less paintings were a lot enceinte in proportion. It was in all likelihood make for a fuddled man at the time.In the metempsychosis it was prevalent for cockeyed people to bespeak artworks, it had a social signifi terminatece. to a higher place this, ghostlike paintings and request books were manifestations of committal to prayer. The Flemish didnt hold their induction of piety to the unrestricted realm, the individuals licenced artworks for nonpublic use in their homes as well. political orientation of the time also influenced the painting. The Madonna is belongings the squirt that is suppose to be Christ. Her face is dour away from the child, achieving a less busy look. The scene is all to the highest degree her.In wagon train Cocks painting, the child is a pragmatic treat accentuate the serviceman beings of Christ. The indication of this can be the fact that Mary was a human, a nd in the Renaissance, humanitarianism had a very big impact. afterwards the unheeded human ratio of the kernel Ages, the Renaissance brings populace in accent again with the education of art, technology, and inventions. avant-garde halt gives Mary one-third roles sustain of Christ, the embodiment of the Christian Church and pansy of Heaven, the last mentioned plain from her Jewel-studded crown.The painting is rarified and luminous, it lights up like a dream. only when at the like time the depicted object is some(prenominal) profane and devout, the artisan flock out to carry through some(prenominal) demands, but in a form of realism that contained inside itself a playful, even humourous pose towards the dealings live between individuals, partnership and religion. Sources Graham, Jenny. Inventing van offend the produce of an artist for the modern age. Oxford Berg, 2007. Print. Harrison, Craig. Jan van Check the play of realism. capital of the United K ingdom response Books , 1991. 188. Print.

Contrasting and Critically Examining two views Essay

Contrasting and critically Examining two sides - see Example ace major replication in this demand is the look of strategicalal alliances by multinational Corporations. multinational Corporations be the large organisations which master in divergent countries and focus on local preferences and demands. These organisations theorise strategies according to the necessitate and requirements of the local region. It is alpha to establish at this point that these transnational Corporations (TNCs) drive home pay off unitary of the or so strong social unit in the stinting and political setup all everywhere the globe. These multinational Corporations (TNCs) cl spirit been coming up with varied economical strategies in enounce to fulfil their objectives and goals. In this regard these organisations nurse formed contrary strategic alliances and piddle entered into contrary subcontracts, which in turn argon allowing them to operate successfully in the foreign market (Kale, P, Singh, H, & Perlmutter, 2000). This phenomenon has devoted rise to whizz of the largest dilemma in the business sphere i.e. that either ball-shaped market forces fuck off resulted in the formulation of these strategic alliances or these subcontracts and strategic alliances argon being utilize as a strategy by these organisation in order to depart hold of more(prenominal) resources. According to one trail of thought, these economic strategies of subcontracting and strategic alliances be because of varied orbicular market forces. multinational Organisations (TNCs) are obligate to use these strategies in order to act to the changing economic, political, social, and scientific forces in the outside(a) market. On the different hand, there is a second school of thought which is of the view that these economic strategies of subcontracting and strategic alliance are being use by the multinational Organisations (TNCs) for their own benefits. These strategies ea se the organisations in the march of gaining more conceal over the resources as analysed to other subtile companies and communities and as a result dogmatic the overall planetary economy (Gereffi, Humphrey, Kaplinsky, & Sturgeon, 2001). In this paper an set out has been made to compare and critically study these two views. For this purpose, views of both(prenominal) school of thoughts prepare been presented and investigated. Apart from this the staple fiber idea of Transnational Corporations (TNCs) and the associated economic strategies experience also been explained. This entrust help in the process of exploring and critically evaluating the two views close the increasing subcontracting and strategic alliances by different Transnational Corporations (TNCs). transnational CORPORATIONS (TNCs) There have been considerable growing in the result of Multinational Organisations (MNCs) or Transnational Corporations (TNCs). This is generally because of the increasing gl obal trade and globalisation. owe to increasing international demand, organisations expanded their trading operations and businesses in different countries. This not scarce resulted in benefiting these organisations by also contributed in the growth and phylogeny of overall global economy. With the passage of time, Transnational Corporations (TNCs) became one of the substantive player in the international economy. These organisations with the aim of increasing profit and revenues have been prolong on exploring and exploiting different areas and regions. Recently, Transnational Cor

Mordecai Richler. Duddy Kravitz Apprenticeship Essay

Mordecai Richler. Duddy Kravitz Apprenticeship - Essay ExampleIn the whole novel we see Duddy as an ambitious but miserly person who holds no nourish for love and friendship and considers wealth as his ultimate goal. The major theme that runs in the story is the power of negative ambition, voracity and materialism which overpowers pure emotions like love, decency and affection. From the start of the story we see that the family of Duddy plays an important role in taking Duddys ambition to a dangerous level. His grandfather advises him that A man without land is nobody. His father repeatedly tells him story of a young man who progressed from rags and riches by cheating people on his way. And thence he sees his uncle who is extremely rich and successful and it burns a desire in Duddys heart to become wealthy. Duddy, in his greed and ambition fails to value relationships and we see him as a man who cheats on her girlfriend even though she loves him truly. Duddy also mistreats his lo ng-time friend, Virgil and even cheats him out of his money when he is confined to his cognise due to paralysis.

Company Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Company Law - Essay ExampleAoA) or Memorandum of railroad tie (MoA) (Tomasic, Bottomley and McQueen, 2002). The key legal issue identified is in the case scenario concentrates on whether the actions of Anna and Susanna were focused on yielding personal benefits or the companionships interest. smell 2 The Relevant Law A companys management is generally administered by the provisions of Corporations Law under arm 134 which applies to companies as standardized laws by constitution. However, it is the sole discretion of the companys management to decide on the number of replaceable laws to be applied which ar mentioned in the Corporations answer 2001. Furthermore, Section 140(1)(b) of the Corporations Act 2001 states that replaceable and constitution laws are obliged to a contract engaging the company and its coachs under which every theatre director agrees to adhere to the rules and constitutions mentioned as per the organisational interests (PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2011). In r elation to Section 198 of Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) the directors of the companies possess the authority to exercise all the discretionary powers except for those which require additional approvals in accordance to the constitution. With pen to Section 198C, the directors of a company may assign a managing director and bestow the personnel with responsibilities according to their convenience and requirements. Furthermore, the management also enjoys the authority to obliterate or reassign powers of the managing director, who have been designate with the discretion of all the directors (Tomasic, Bottomley and McQueen, 2002). Under the act, if a company or its entitled directors aim to appoint a managing director it must ensure that the formalities comply with the Corporations Act 2001 as mentioned under Section 198C. The law specifies that the directors of the company should adhere to certain rules that have been decided and assigned to the managing director, irrespective of thei r discretionary powers. Breaching of contracts or agreements within the directors or shareholders of a company may lead to violation of the law as stated in Section 180(1) by the Corporate Law Reform Act 1992. A similar situation have been identified in the case of Vines v ASIC (2007) 73 NSWLR 451, where the director breached the common law or contract, and consequentially, the court agreed that the judgement could amount to sue the director for the damages caused by negligence of law (Pitt and Luxton, 2011). However, statutory defences are available under Sections 180(3) of the Business Judgement Rule which states that breach of contract can be defended if the director can prove that the decision and action taken was in relevant to the business operations of the corporation (Nadeau, 2006). Step 3 Apply the Law to the Problem Leaping Lizard Coffee Emporium Pty Ltd specialises in coffee and other coffee-related accessories. It operates as a private company formed by Joan, Anna, Praf ula and Susanna who were further designated as the directors of the company with equal share capital. In addition, the company consists of three members each owning 1000 ordinary class shares. The company has been registered under the Corporations Act 2001 in the year 2012 and adopted replaceable rules under Sections 6, 33A to 39, 198A and 198C. Besides, the company has institute a managing direct

Management of Information System Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Management of Information System Change - Essay ExampleThe widespread impact of continuous spells of pandemics and other biological attacks alerted the authorities of pack for introducing and action plan against the emergencies related to all epidemics and pandemics. The foundation for BioSense was formulated as a national action aimed at improving the bio-surveillance facilities in the country with the merger of existing resource data from all health care organisations and national agencies of data collection. The operation of BioSense is a great advantage to the emergency management dust as it enhances the intensity of early detection of health related issues and the acceleration of remedial proceedings. The total action pack of BioSense is framed for simultaneous execution of collection, analytic thinking and evaluation of public health care data from all sources specifically. The case contexts and beneficiary zones of BioSenses services are DoD and VA hospitals, ambulance cli nics, and large clinical laboratories asunder from the direct live-wire data collection centers such as local hospitals, healthcare systems, and syndrome-surveillance systems.The functioning of BioSense has brought revolutionary changes in the effect of bio-emergency management systems with the implication of its uses in indisposition trend monitoring and tracking potential disease cases for synchronizing access to existing health surveillance systems. The initial plan of installing the system was on the ratio of one for each ten cities in the country in 2005.... ion, and in most cases, its prominence was seen to be nullified for lack of support and acceptableness from larger hospital units and local health care providers. After evaluating all the points discussed in the journal, the eviction of such a system can be justify for many reasons described in the explanation that are to be read on. 2. Challenges for Implementation BioSense represents the proficiency of the web-based ap plication of the software monitoring inter-hospital health and disease assessment. However, it is overt that the operation of BioSense is a high profile deal with many professionals is required to access the conditions every moment. Detecting the early symptoms of a bioterrorist attack was the aim of CDCs proposal for the installation of this system. It was also aimed at providing standards, infrastructure and data acquisition for early detection of every unfriendly situation. The introduction of new software was mostly expensive for its operation. As evident from the details of the US Government Accountability office, BioSense acquired the financial aid of over $200million till 2006. The managerial challenges faced by BioSense were attributed to the official units in association with data collection. Majority of the questions were about the proximity and accuracy of the data collection from the three appointed sources namely, Department of Defense (DOD) Military preaching Facili ties, Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) treatment facilities and the Laboratory Corporation of America (LAbCorp) as to how timely were the data based on emergency situations. This question was supported by the irrelevance of the resource data as it took longer time to cover the concerned regions than the time required for emergency procedures of precocious measures.

Superfund site Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Superfund site - Essay ExampleAfter 1992, leasing of the site following procedures defined by the Industrial Development Board. However, the buildings were not tampered with after the leasing of the site until during the impudentup exercise. Current reports indicate that the site is not occupied, but is under the ownership of R&B investments. The site borders two residential homes, and the EPA has carried out assessment tests of the quality of water supply in these residences after the clean-up process(United States environmental Protection Agency, 2013). Contamination at the Site Processes tangled in the smelting and foundry activities in the process of exploiting typeface posed certain risks of contamination to the soil and water in the area. Contamination at the site was as well as evident at other materials at the site. As outlined by EPA, the soil and water exhibited the highest rate of contamination, although a range of media at the site also exhibited a level of contamin ation. These media include fish media, sediment, fish tissue, and groundwater. Evidently, contamination occurred on both liquid-based and solid-based media. This contamination was associated with the waste handling process at the site during the brass smelting process. It appears that the relevant efficiency in waste handling was not attained, contributing to a high risk factor of contamination to all the media at the site(United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2013). The contamination posed increased health threats because it affected the shallow water sources, the soils on site, and sediments. Assessment of the risk revealed that the highest contamination at the site was at the area in closest proximity to the smelting and foundry facility that lay on the site. It is worth noting that thorough assessment of the extent of contamination revealed that the drinking water in the adjacent residences was free from the contamination emanating from the site. Contaminants of Concern Analysis and assessment of the evident contamination resulting from the waste handling processes at the site revealed that several contaminants merit serious concern were evident at the site. Experts highlighted that both metals and polychlorinated biphenyls were the contaminants posing the greatest risk at the site. Investigations on the area highlighted that the metal boron and lead were several(prenominal) of the leading contaminants of concern. Other monitoring processes that analyzed the level of contamination in the wells revealed the presence of nitrate and ammonia as well-nigh of the critical contaminants. EPA experts work on the site identified these as the major contaminants posing health risks to the people living in the proximity of the site as well as those proving detrimental to the environment. Clean up Measures Utilized The cleanup activities are planned in a specific order beginning with extensive studies of the site, selection of the near effective remedy, de signing the remedy, construction of the remedy plan and post-construction activities(United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2013). Usually, EPA takes different clean up measures depending on the level of contamination at the site. Whereas some sites require energy action followed by a long-term remedial action plan of comprehensively studying the site ad developing an effective, clean up resolution. EPA implemented an emergency removal procedure in 1996 that sought to get rid of all the lead-contaminated soils as

Human prompting behavior research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human prompting behavior research paper - Essay ExampleHuman behavior is exhibited throughout a persons lifetime and is impacted with certain traits that people have. Factors that determine human behavior include heredity, social norms, culture, religion, and attitude. Except for heredity, the other factors can altered through useful prompt processes to ensure that people demonstrate the desired behaviors.Human resource training is a overcritical component of organizational prosperity. Sitzmann and Ely focused their research on the effects of prompting self-regulation on regulatory processes, learning, and attrition. The authors defined prompting self-regulation as asking trainees pensive questions with the aim of stimulating their self-regulatory engagement during the learning process (Sitzmann and Ely 132). pondering questioning implies taking some information gathered previously and using it in answering the question at hand. Reflective practice enables trainees to pay critica l attention to practical values and theories through reflexive examination of human actions. Polaha, Amanda and Rachael argue that reflective practice is the most common tool applied in practice-based professional learning contexts where trainees learn from professional experience (336).Sitzmann and Ely concluded that continuously prompting self-regulation had the greatest effect on learning and attrition (140). This is because trainees applied the principles of reflective practice in their learning processes, leading to increased learning. Prompting behavior, however, did not significantly increase the self-regulatory activity. The subsequent modules were characterized by moderate self-regulatory activity and attrition. Continuously prompted trainees slope to continue with the training even if their performance is low. Thus, prompted trainees continue to apply other strategies to enhance their performance in learning, which helps them to remain engaged

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 10

Human Resource Management - Essay Examples every last(predicate) countries, all professions and all the categories of worker, including both blue and white-collar workers, as well as families and society in general (What is workplace emphasize? Website at http //www.ilo.org/public/ incline/ protection/safework/stress/whatis.htm). It should be mentioned that though stress has already become a well-studied phenomenon, it is quite complicated to define both the notion of stress in general and in particular the notion of job stress.Job stress can be defined as a harmful physical and horny responses that occur when the requirement of the job do not match the capabilities, resources, or needs of the worker. Job stress can lead to poor health and crimson injury. (Stress at work, Website at http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/stresswk.html).Though this definition is quite correct, the statement that stress is harmful can be argued. Every day people face in the buff and inexperienced situations and normally they should be able to get new responses in their reaction to such situations. It would therefore be a mistake to claim that stress is for sure a negative phenomenon, because a person cannot exist in this world without any interaction with the constantly changeable environment and the other people. That is why only excesses of stress situations are harmful and leads to pathological effects.Recent researches approved that job-related stress leads to coronary deficiency, and a variety of mental and physical abnormalities (Bosma, 1997, pp. 558565 Gushue, 1996, pp. 13101313). In solution of long standing study of the impact that stress in the workplace has on civil servants in Great Britain, researchers have discovered that there is a relation between a servants feeling of impossibility to have control over the process and chance of getting cardiovascular diseases.On studying of 7000 civil servants, both women and men, the scholars have come to the conclusion, that the feeling of self-helplessness often combined with heart

Millstream Hotel and Restaurant Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Millstream Hotel and Restaurant - Article ExampleThe elegant sitting room, with its comfortable and luxurious, grand piano, sprinkled with freshly cut flowers and peaceful ambiance, is the ideal stain to chat up with friends over afternoon tea or an aperitif. Bosham is an ideal center from which to discover this area of spectacular natural beauty and historical interest.This handsome hotel has 35 rooms out of which three are suites and each room is decorated in a uniquely elegant fashion with all the required amenities for a luxurious and comfortable stay. The hotel is located close to some good recreational facilities like golf, sailing, squash, riding and water sports which can be considerably accessed. The popular restaurant is open all through the year and serves some of the most excellent delicacies in that part of town. There are a fewer famous historical attractions for the holidaymakers like Chichester Festival Theatre, Fishbourne Roman Palace, and West Dean Gardens. On a sunny day, the lawns can be inviting where you can loosen chthonian the shade and enjoy the ducks in the nearby lake. You can enjoy a pleasant evening in the beautiful and well-kept gardens along with your friends and family over a cup of tea and delicious snacks.A well maintained and luxurious spa can match a lot of value to the residents who can relax and enjoy a good massage or get pampered in style. The spa is the latest trend in the hotel industry around the world. You can add on a spa speediness or take on a branded spa on the franchise which can boost your hotels facility outlook to a great extent. Most of the clients now expect a spa in the hotel as they look for a complete relaxation software system when checking into a hotel. The wellness tourism has caught on in a big way where wellness and wellness spas are frequented by tourists who are becoming health and beauty conscious. A well-equipped spa can provide guests with Jacuzzi, steam, sauna, exotic massages and var ious other treatments that would add on to the luxury of the hotel.

Significant life changing moment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Significant life changing moment - Essay Examplee, entire fate come outs changed from even very small changes in life, in this discussion I would tell you what turning points my life took and how I changed my self entirely.I was born in a lower class family with so many problems and I saw my parents fighting all the epoch with no mercy, both of my parents were quite opposite to each other and they had no match, still I wonder why God made such a terrible match, but now I realize that it all happened because God was willing me to get birth from that couple, I was never comfortable as a child, though I was the only one to take birth and had no one virtually except my parents, as a kid I never gained attention of my parents because of numerous reasons, firstly my arrest who was a sports person, used to have very less(prenominal) earning and what ever he used to earn he never gave it to me and my mother, this was the first clash between my parents, secondly my mother also had to do p art time jobs in order to support me and herself, so there was no way to get individual attention from either of my parents, life was never easy for me, I still remember when I used to walk and visualize all the happenings of my life at an early age, I tried my level best to arrest my parents closer but was failed each time, may be because they were also never comfortable with each other and also they never thought of sacrificing their lives for me and one mean solar day they both got apart forever, I was five when they got divorced, it was decided that I would live with my mother as my father was never willing to keep me and that is what exactly happened, newfangled childhood is often portrayed in terms of enhanced democratic relationships between parents and children, with the assumption that childrens negotiating power has increased over time(Jensen, 1 2003).My father was a strange person and he was said to be psychotic by my mother in which she was quite true, my father remar ried to his old time promoter who was a nurse at some hospital but he was again a

Reflective account Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Reflective account - Essay ExampleFirst, this benefitted their company by producing quality service through their specialized skilled laborers. They gained the industrys acclaim as the Best Large Company Apprenticeship in 2008. Because of their passion for becoming sober at what they argon doing, they acquired more clients in the business. I personally liked this initiative by the company because if I become part of their company unmatchable day, they would support my rush and equip me with trainings that would make me an asset to their business. In terms of human resource development, A & P also shows the same level of dedication to their employees well-being. For example, some(prenominal) employees invite been with them for the last thirty years. Nowadays, it is rare to see such cases of loyalty because competitors abound in a certain industry. In this case, it seems that A & P has been in truth good to its employees as well to their families because they remained to work fo r this company. In fact, a lot of old employees have forecasted their retirement years with A & P. I was able to ask one of the employees and ask why they remained in this company and he just said its like a family present. Indeed, this is amazing and makes me interested to work here too. I also noticed that A & P observes strict regulations when it comes to safety. Areas are marked properly as well personal equipment that must be indistinct to keep them safe. Nothing is scattered that can cause accidents and every material is properly stored and labeled. Because of this, workers feel safe in their work environment and perform with their top hat effort. Aside from their focus on human resource development, I was impressed by how Pendennis manages its business development under the excellent leadership of Mr.Toby Allies. He is very professional in his dealings and takes the customers needs at heart. Even the five sectors under the sales and marketing department are very serious in taking notes of the customers comments. This just exemplifies good business practice, since they take care of their customers and make them feel valued. Many customers appreciate the informality of communication with the different departments inside the company since their needs or requests are promptly met. This shows that Pendennis is an open organization that is willing to innovate itself by meeting the expectations of its customers. Actually, they thus far go beyond what is asked of them because they inquire from customers what else they need. From what I saw, it must be exciting to work on one of their sectors and customize solutions that would please the customers. Likewise, it must also be satisfying to do business with this company because my demands would not just be met but also surpassed. Another surprising thing that I learned close Pendennis is that they only accept a number of projects at a time. This demonstrates their ability to focus on current projects instead of aiming to make more profit with many projects. This may seem sort of a weakness to other companies, but I would appreciate this as a customer. This means that the company is willing to father its full attention to my needs adding more value to their service. In return, I would refer them to other businesses I know that would bring them more clients. Despite these advantages provided by Pendennis, A & P has a leverage when it comes to servicing customers overseas. The staff can travel to any

Impact of the recent financial crisis to Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand Essay

Impact of the recent pecuniary crisis to Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Korea - Essay ExampleThe crisis left devastating impacts on the economies of the four countries (Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and Korea) as discussed below.The 2007/2008 financial crisis left the four countries with huge financial debts borrowed from the developed economies (Lin, 2014). Generally, most south East Asian states including Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and Korea had borrowed huge loans before the crisis to rebuild their economy after the Asian crisis that had happened previously. The crisis reappeared in a time when the countries were struggling to repay the loans borrowed for economy reconstruction after the Asian crisis. This placed a heavy burden on several(prenominal) countries thereby retarding their development progress. These states are still paying the loans acquired before financial crisis set foot in Asia.The financial crisis hiked the cost of living to more than epitome in the four countries. up to date, the residents in the four countries go through very difficult times because think over opportunities are still few and the in stock(predicate) jobs are underpaying (Klein & Shabbir, 2007). Furthermore, foreign investors returned back to their countries and the domestic investment has performed poorly since then. Basically, low investments (both domestic and foreign investments) in a country results in inadequate job opportunities and consequently, high poverty levels.The crisis weakened the local currencies of Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and Korea which caused these nations a huge fortune in terms of time and resources to reconstruct their economies. Poor performance of the local currencies make exports cheap wealthy nations seized the opportunity to develop their economies (Jensen, 2010). Moreover, disparagement of local currencies negatively affected local investment due to dumping by foreign investors. Additionally, depreciation of local currencies in t he respective states during and after the crisis led to less demand of domestic products

Critical Response Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Critical Response - Research Paper ExampleThe film clearly indicates how classical modernism, the thing of the ancient has been replaced by post modernism (Jameson 114). Cultural and social transition The film shows a positive transition in every respect. The opening scene depicts the tumble-down Madrid side street and the darkest night of Francos regime. At the end, the dark empty streets atomic number 18 replaced with bright light and traffic jams. It shows a positive revision from dictatorship to democracy. Besides, at the end of the film, David becomes more accommodative after going through the ups and downs in his life. Same is the case with Victor, who feels that life has com full circle for him. His consanguinity with Elena and his incipient fatherhood transform him into a better person socially more acceptable. The fears of the 70s no longer exist in their minds- a welcome change that represents the new cultural ethos that has given rise to democracy and freedom. Victors birth is contrasted with that of the unborn baby caught in the traffic jam. This good depicts the cultural change that Spain has undergone over a period of more than 25 years. Fatalistic entrapment The film tells the story of several characters involved in each others fates in ways that are beyond their control. According to Morgan-Tamosunas of Anglia Polytechnic University, all the five central characters are bound together by a circular alliance of interdependency (188). ... Things happen to him. Therefore, like the other characters, he too can be seen as a victim of chance and circumstance. The raw feelings of the characters act as catalysts that speed up the actions and reactions. They are cyclic in mature and so there is no escape for them from the entrapment. The camera always foc dos on circular objects which are symbolically suggestive of the circular entrapment. The main characters are stuck in this circular entrapment of fatalism. Characterisation and Masculinity Carne tremula has three well-developed male protagonists in Victor, David and, to a lesser extent, Sancho. Their masculinity is articulated through certain physical, emotional and behavioural codes. The pursuit of physical power by both Victor and David shows this point well. The bathroom sequence and Davids performance on the basket ball court focuses on masculinity. In the case of Victor, masculinity has been challenged by Elena and therefore he is obsessed with masculine artistry and physical strength. The rivalry between David and Victor and the consequent muscle-flexing are considered as a test of masculinity highlighted by camera-angle and framing. Sancho is aggressive and masculine in a perverted and destructive way, resorting to physical violence and emotional manipulation. Clara and Elena are both self-sacrificing characters. Elena suffers repression and guilt complex where as Clara is a victim of self negation. Performance, use of colours and music In Carne Tremula, the ensemb le is well-chosen. Liverto Rabals (Victor) boyish charm and wit is electrifying. Magnified by the star persona, Javier Bardems performance as paraplegic David asserting himself both physically and

Corporate Social Responsibility Practices Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility Practices - Essay ExampleThis essay stresses that intense competition plays a crucial post in creation of sustainable development practices and enhancement of the quality of products and services. Corporate responsibility is regarded as the degree to which an organisation complies with the legal guidelines and looks after the welfare of the society. The contemporaneous duty practices show significant levels of understanding between the responsible and good corporate practices. Stakeholders and shareholders have understood the value of CSR and are focused on integrating business activities with huge societal concerns that can lead to good management practices. CSR is regarded as a technique which helps the organisation in evaluation of the business activities and its jolt on the society and environment through ethical and transparent decision making.This paper declares that the World Business Council for Sustainable Development states that the CSR approach is a business contribution to the sustainable economic development. CSR allow ins activities such as health and safety, corporate governance and ethics, environmental stewardship, human rights and sustainable development. It focuses on aspects such as community and societal involvement, development and investment, corporate philanthropy, employee volunteering, customer satisfaction, anti-bribery, anti-corruption measures and adherence to the principles of fair competition. Business activities play a pivotal role in wealth and farm out creation, but the central management concern of CSR would be efficient utilisation of natural capital. (Halal, 2000). CSR activities help in efficient utilisation of human resources and capital and increase the employee retention rate. The brand image of the company is enhanced because of the CSR activities performed by the organisation. Companies which recycle their products can effectively lower their expenditure. Customers are attracted t owards companies which perform CSR activities efficiently. Whether or not a company implements CSR tools and techniques, the way it performs its business activities signifies clear intentions of the company. According to Hopkins (1999 cited in Sen and Bhattacharya, 2001), business organisations need to perform commercial and non-commercial responsibilities with an equal amount of importance. The non-commercial responsibilities undertaken by the company should include the well-being of the society, community, environment, government etc. The stakeholder

The effects of sports participation on childrens achievements in Term Paper

The effects of sports participation on childrens achievements in school - Term Paper exampleSchools that devote priorities to both academics and sports participation have indicated higher academic success. According to numerous research conducted, sports improve the ability of students in achieving excellence due to the already developed persistence. Both unmarried and squad sports produce an exemplary outcome to academic excellence. Tabor (2014) conducted a study seeking to clarify the relationship amid academic performance, sports, and weight classification. The study was conducted on a subset of children in four Chicago schools in the low-income regions. Of the total 129 participants, 48.1 percent took part in soccer small-arm 51 percent of the participants did not. The two-year study involved both genders and varied racial categories. The types of sports participation were assessed with a checklist where the parents listed three of the sports their children participated. The sports were categorized into two team sports and the individual sports. The team sports involved soccer and baseball while individual sports included swimming, biking, and skateboarding. The participants academic assessment was conducted using the teachers report form and an second-rate rating calculated by averaging similar ranks.The study by Tabor (2014) indicated no correlation between academics and weight classification. However, the study showed differing findings on non-participants, individual sports, and team sports on academics. The ANOVA analysis showed a significant effect on academic ratings in math and reading.

Teacher Handbook Essay Example for Free

Teacher Handbook EssayDeciding to be a school instructer does non mean one has to throw away their rights give by the United States Constitution. Teachers are required to preserve honorable and ethical appearance solely their rights as citizens are non taken away. Teachers should understand that they are always instructors and role models whether they are in the classroom or not and should always maintain a professional demeanor when in the human race eye. Teachers are held to a higher standard in their actions and behaviors because of their manipulation prepare. Teachers influence and mold the appraisals and thought of younker people.There is an inherent responsibility of being a role model whether the teacher is in the classroom or in the grocery store. Teachers are granted the same ain freedoms as clandestine citizen, but need to make sure their personal choices do not affect their ability to perform in the classroom as a school board employee. The following is a teacher vade mecum outlining the rights and responsibilities of teachers including academic freedoms, freedom of affiliation, and freedom of human face, freedom of piety, employment rights and responsibilities, and jurisprudence of ethics.Academic freedom Teachers are afforded a limited amount of freedom with regards to instruction in the classroom. This comes from a teachers right to teach and learners right to learn (Essex, 2012). The idea of academic freedom is a very limited concept in public schools. Academic freedom is the idea that teachers have the freedom to decide how they teach not what they teach. Curriculums are refractory by the State, what teachers have is the opportunity to bring these concepts to life and inspire learning, discovery, research, and inquisition in students.Teachers mustiness keep their instruction within the realm of their subject certification and age level and maturity of students (2012). In the case, Fowler v. poster of Education of L incoln County, Kentucky, a tenured teacher was terminated because she showed an R rated movie to her student with inappropriate subject matter and nudity (Essex, 2012). The video was not part of the curriculum and it was anchor that the teacher did not have First Amendment rights in this circumstance (2012).Teachers may not offer students instruction on subject they are not show in. Teachers will not use their classroom as a platform to promote or persuade their students beliefs to their own beliefs. The classroom is not a place for teachers to promote their personal agendas including religious or political beliefs or opinions. Teachers must keep their instruction focused on the curriculum determined by the State. What academic freedom teachers have is in the way they present and teach the provided curriculum. Freedom of association.Teachers have the same rights as former(a) citizens when it comes to freedom of association as provided by the First Amendment. Teachers are free to associate with whatever sort outs they choose without fear of punishment. It is important for teachers to understand that although they are afforded the same rights as separate individual, they do have an inherent responsibility to be cautious of their actions because of the position they hold. Teachers should avoid putting themself in a position where they have to explain their behavior or where its their word against another persons word.Maintain a professional reputation in the community. It is advised that teachers are cautious of the impressions they make in public and how their actions may affect their ability to perform as a district employee. Teachers are role models, and students look to them with mention and for guidance. The Supreme Court stated, A teacher serves as a role model for his students, exerting a subtle but important influence over their perceptions and values (Essex, 2012). Teachers are free to be associated with any group they wish.However, the teacher mu st make sure that their association with ant particular group does not conflict with their responsibilities of being an employee of the school district and their ability to teach the state appointed curriculum to their students. Freedom of expression Teachers have the rights of freedom of expression and speech within limits. Outside the classroom teachers reserve the freedom of expression like other citizens. It is important to note that teachers are held to a higher standard than average citizens because of the impressionable role the hold and the age of the subjects they teach.Teachers are always role models and it is recommended that teachers express themselves in a professional manner at all times. The limitations on the rights teachers have to free speech depend on not causing material disruption to the school board. In other words, the teachers speech cannot interfere with the school board or any other school entity and the education system (Essex, 2012). Use common sense and good judgment. Teacher should ask themselves how someone else could perceive their comments or actions and if they can be taken out of context and/or misinterpreted.When teachers wishes to exercise their right to free speech it is highly advised that the teacher states that their statements are those of a private citizen and not an employee of the school board (2012). Although teachers have the right to free speech it is advised that teachers are cautious of statements they make in public because of the nature of their position in the community. Teachers statements need to be truthful and not slanderous or defaming in nature. Teachers wishing to make personal statements must do so on their personal time and may not use school district property or telecommunications to do so.Teachers may not make public statements during the time period of when they are working as employees of the school district. Teachers may not use school equipment including computers, phones, cameras, recording d evices, or video cameras, to product personal statements. Using the school telecommunication means, like the school board electronic mail system, is prohibited. All email sent finished the school boards is property of the school board and can be used in teacher liabilities. Freedom of religion.Teachers reserve the right to practice any religion they choose on their free time and outside of the classroom. The school will not discriminate against individuals based on religion. Due to title VII, the school must make reasonable accommodations for employees religious beliefs (Essex, 2012). Teachers may not bring their personal religious beliefs into the classroom. Teachers may not bring their religion into the classroom in an effort to persuade student beliefs. Teachers may not use their classroom as a platform to preach personal religious beliefs or talk of religion that is not curriculum based.Employment rights and responsibilities Individuals seeking employment with the school dist rict have the right to not be discriminated against based on Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibited employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin (Essex, 2012). It is the responsibility of the individual seeking employment to provide the required documents required for employment including but not limited to, teaching certificates, background check, finger printing and drug screening.Providing false information regarding teacher certification or other documentation will disqualify the application. Teacher Code of Ethics Teachers must maintain a code of ethics. Teachers have an bargain to maintain the ethical code to the students, the public, and the profession of education. The teachers first priority will always be the success and development of the student. It is the teachers duty and responsibility to provide students with a safe enriching environment where they are free to learn.Teachers will not exploit relationships wit h students for personal gain. Aware of the importance of maintaining the respect and confidence of ones colleagues, of students, of parents, and of other members of the community, the teacher strives to achieve and sustain the highest degree of ethical conduct (The Code, 2012). The teacher values the worth and dignity of every person, the pursuit of truth, devotion to excellence, and the acquisition of knowledge (2012). Teachers are private citizens and are afforded the same rights guaranteed by the U. S. Constitution.Teachers should be cautious of the image they portray in the public eye, but they are free to make decisions on what they do, where they do it, and what they say about it. Teachers have the right to teach how they want to teach as dour as the method supports the curriculum. Teachers have the right to freedom of assemble and expression, but need to maintain professional demeanor and be moral and ethical and moral in practice. Teachers also have the freedom of religion on their personal time, but may not bring religion into the classroom unless it relates to curriculum.They following handbook provides teachers with an understanding of their rights and responsibilities inherent of being a part of the school district. References Essex, N. L. (2012). School law and the public school, a practical guide for educational leaders. New jersey Pearson Education, Inc. Fowler v. Board of Education of Lincoln County,Kentucky, U. S. Court of Appeals, 6th Cir. 817 F. 2d 657 (1987). The Code of Ethics and the Principles of Professional Conduct of the Education Profession in Florida. (2012). State Board of Education Rule 6B-1. 001, FAC. www. fldoe. org.

Physical health Essay Example for Free

Physical wellness Essay1. Discuss the meanings Steve now places on health and forcible employment. Steve doesnt put much meaning on his health, either mentally, personally, emotionally or socially. He hasnt got his family to encourage him to determine out and participate in sport, so he let himself go and does not get motivated. From his point of view his health is good and is living the good animateness because he hasnt got support to get his life certify to what he was. The good life from his view is to go out every weekend or night and party out late. He drinks alcohol and smokes so he is ruining his health every day, precisely he doesnt see it is a problem. He efficacy not surrender got taught the right health ways and think he can do whatever he want because he is young and free. This allow affect him later in life but he doesnt seem to c atomic number 18 as he is living how he has wanted to, his family were the ones supporting him to do this, and without them a round he doesnt feel the need to do it.2. Demonstrate how Steves lifestyle choices could be affecting his physical health. List whatever possible future problems. Steves lifestyle choices are affecting all areas of his health but one in particular that could affect his life suspender and that is his physical health. He started smoking and drinking. His dating life could also be a problem. His job can cause problems to his health. They are all decreasing his physical health. Every time he smokes he is increasing his chance of getting lung cancer. His drinking is going to affect him heavily later as he go out end up with all sorts of problems, example- he could once turn up to work drunk and do everything wrong, caseing in him having no job. His dating life could result in somehow contracting a sexually transmitted infection. His job is affecting his health, as his job doesnt require much he in effect(p) sits down all day, he could end up with bad pains all through his body. They all cause future problems to Steve and by doing all these things he is decreasing his life expectancy, giving him a shorter life than expected.3. List the qualifys in his social circumstances that have influenced the changes in Steves health and physical activity levels. Steve social circumstances have changed affecting the way he lives now, causing him to change. He has changed as he has moved out of home, leaving his family out of his life without them pushing him to do his best he found new friends who do what he is doing. His job has changed his social circumstances as he can have a night out and do what he needs to, his work friends should be encouraging him that he needs to take more(prenominal) pride in his job. When he finished school he might have lost all of his friends that were impacting him in a good way with the training and playing of distinct sports. His social circumstances have changed his life because he left school and not having family made him think he coul d live however he wants and not care.4. Describe the possible outcomes for Steves emotional health is he continues with his current lifestyle. Emotional health refers to the ability to express emotions when they are appropriate and control them when they are not. If Steve continues with his behaviour he may not be able to control his emotions, his self-esteem will be very low. He wont be able to see him as he is, he will see his self-image as worse than it actually it because of his low emotional health and low self-esteem. His late night partying will put down his emotional health is he keeps going with his routine, he will continue to think girls will fall for him but sometimes they will not, possibly causing his emotional health to deteriorate. His health on the health continuum will be very low, as he isnt being able to control all of his health especially the physical and emotional health. If he picks up more exercise and does committee to his job he will have better emotional health stability, meaning he will be able to control his emotions and express them accordingly to the situation.5. Identify the 5 action areas of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion and describe what each area means in your own words. Developing personal skills is about(predicate) improving the individuals skills, develop a better understand for the individual to help them better their health. It helps the individual find ways to help better their health, giving them more say-so about their health.Creating encouraging environments is about the environment and making it better. Its about creating a better environment for a person to be able to do what they want. Its got both physical and social aspects, like a park for exercising or close friends supporting you in a big uncontaminating event.Strengthening community action is about getting the community involved to better the health of those within the community. The ideas from the community are called bottom-up meaning the community comes up with the ideas and tries to get help to impose them in the areas, and a top-down is when the ideas are coming from the government on what they think will better the health of those in that community.Reorientating health services is about trying to invest more money into prevention rather than a cure. They believe if they can put more money into prevention then they will save more money. It doesnt dismiss the importance on health care, as you can still get diseases genetically, but this is about trying to prevent those who get diseases that they can prevent by choosing better lifestyles.Building healthy public policy is about the rules, laws and legislations. It is about the government and organisations that work towards better health, emplacing rules and laws, example- restricted smoking location within public places, or in schools where they have the no hat, no play policy.6. barrack ways Steve can improve his health by following at least 2 of the 5 action area s of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. bring forth specific examples. Steve can improve his health in any of the five action areas, but the two that he should increase in are developing personal skills and creating supportive environments. Those two areas will help build up his health again. Developing personal skills is all about the individual and what they can do better for their health. Creating supportive environments is all about physical and social sides. It is increasing the family/friends bond for them to support you. Steve can develop his personal skills by going back to do some vigorous exercise. He needs to go and get help, and see if sleeping with different women can cause him to have a sexually transmitted infection.With him developing his personal skills, he can change his life around, making it better for him to live. Steve can create a supportive environment with his friends and family by getting them to help him change out of his bad habits. With his family by his side it can help him to make the right decisions. The physical side of a supportive environment can be getting his friends or family to go out and exercise with him. The two action areas developing personal skills and creating supportive environments can change his life around for the better, bettering his life expectancy, he then will put a better look on his health instead of wanting to always live the good life, he can go out sometimes but always going out is not good for his health. If his family and friends help him to go and see a doctor they can help him change his life around.

Various Factors in the Preparation and cooking of Fruit and Vegetables Essay Example for Free

Various Factors in the Preparation and cooking of Fruit and Veget adapteds EssayPilot Method1. Use a syringe (or Measuring Cylinder for measuring equal amounts) and pour out 10ml of DCPIP (Solution used to detect Vit.C) into a small beaker.2. Using a separate Syringe, draw up 10ml of solution 0.1% Vitamin C3. tardily add the Vit.C into the DCPIP solution beaker, swirling around a few times. (swirling helps solutions to mix)4. Continue to add the Vit.C until DCPIP turns a permanent straw colour.5. Note the amount of Vit.C it took to change the colour of the DCPIP. 6. double steps 1-5 5 3 times and take an average.Pilot ResultsStrength of DCPIP X book of account = intensity level of Vit.C x Strength)( x 10ml = 8.5ml x 0.1%)( = 6ml x 0.1%10mlStrength of DCPIP = 0.06Strength of DCPIP X Volume = Volume of Vit.C x Strength)( x 10ml = 6ml x 0.1%)( = 6ml x 0.1%10mlStrength of DCPIP = 0.06Strength of DCPIP X Volume = Volume of Vit.C x Strength)( x 10ml = 6ml x 0.1%)( = 6ml x 0.1%10ml Strength of DCPIP = 0.06Average Strength of DCPIP = 0.06Method1. Using a Syringe (or measuring cylinder) put 10ml of DCPIP into a small beaker.2. Using a separate syringe, take up 10ml of juice (Juices will change per experiment)3. Slowly add the juice a little at a time until the DCPIP turns a permanent straw colour.4. Make sure 1oml is used at all times as to keep it a clean-living test at all times.5. Repeat experiment 5 times on each of the 4 different Juices chosen and take an average bingle completed.6. Put all recordings and measurements in a chart, and using the Equation below finding the strength of the Vit. C in each Juice type (Strength of DCPIP taken from Pilot experiment)Strength of DCPIP X Volume = Volume of Vit. C x StrengthResultsJuice 1 = Ascorbic Acid. (Pure Vitamin C)Juice 2 = Orange Juice. (Smooth)Juice 3 = Pure Orange with Mango Pure.Juice 4 = Orange and grape reaping.Juice TypeJ1J2J3J4Exp. No.17.5 ml14ml14ml12.5ml28 ml13 ml14 ml13 ml38 ml13 ml14.4 ml12.5 ml 48 ml13 ml14 ml12.5 ml58 ml13.5 ml14 ml13 mlAverage8 ml13.5 ml14 ml13 mlAscorbic Acid (J1)Strength of DCPIP x volume = Strength of Vit. C x Volume0.06 x 10ml = )( x 8ml)( = 0.06 X 10ml8mlStrength of Vitamin C = 0.075Orange Juice Smooth (J2)Strength of DCPIP X Volume = Strength of Vit. C x Volume0.06 x 10ml = )( x 13ml)( = 0.06 x 10ml13mlStrength of Vitamin C = 0.046Pure Orange with Mango Pure (J3)Strength of DCPIP x Volume = Strength of Vit. C x Volume0.06 x 10ml = )( x 14ml)( = 0.06 x 10ml14mlStrength of Vitamin C = 0.042Orange and Grapefruit (J4)Strength of DCPIP x Volume = Strength of Vit C x Volume0.06 x 10ml = )( x 13ml)( = 0.06 x 10ml13mlStrength of Vit C = 0.046ResultsThe graph shows that the Orange and Grapefruit Juice had the highest concentration of Vitamin C. Comp atomic number 18d with the other Juices (excluding juice one as it is pure Vitamin C) it takes little of this Juice to turn the DCPIP straw coloured (an average of 13ml). In comparison to the others there was n ot much difference between them all. The Pure Orange Juice with Pure Mango took an average of 14ml to turn the DCPIP straw coloured.After doing some research on the Vitamin content on different fruits, it was seen that both mangos and grapefruits, Mangos and Oranges are keen vitamin C sources.FruitLatin namemg vitamin C/ 100 gramsmg vitamin Cper averagesize fruit/slice*RankingGrapefruitCitrus paradisi3444*excellentMangoMangifera indica2857ExcelentOrangeCitrus sinenis5370Excellent* The values are for one whole fruit, however not many would eat a whole medium sized watermelon at a sitting, so for these bigger fruit the value is for a slice, a slice being, very generally, about an eighth of a medium sized fruit, or a quarter of a smaller fruit.In the particular case of lemon and lime, the slice value is juice of one wedge.For a few small fruit, such as Kei apple, the rank is adjusted upward where the fruit mg/100 gram analysis shows it has large amounts of vitamin C, but the small siz e of the fruit gives it a lower per fruit vitamin C content. You are likely to eat more than one at a serving. In the case of tiny fruit, like red or lightlessness currants, a lot more, but probably still only 20-30 raw fruit, especially if they are a bit acid..The chart states that Mangos stir a higher(prenominal) Vitamin C level than Grapefruits implying that the results should countenance been the other way around with the Orange and Mango Juice having more Vitamin C present. However it could be due to the supply process that has taken an effect on the amount of Vitamin C present.Vitamin C is a particularly fragile vitamin and is easily destroyed when in contact with atomic number 8 in the air or if it is exposed to light. The vitamin C content of sliced, cut or bruised fruit and veget competents diminish rapidly when such foods are left standing. impertinently squeezed orange juice will lose half of its vitamin C content by the next morning.Vitamin C is one of the least st able vitamins, and cooking crumb destroy much of this water-soluble vitamin from foods. Vitamin C is a weak acid and is stable in weak acids. Alkalis, such as baking soda, however, destroy ascorbic acid. It is in any case easily oxidized in air and sensitive to heat and light. Since it is contained in the watery part of fruits and vegetables, it is easily lost during cooking in water.EvaluationThe experiment went very well in that that the investigation was carried out in a safe and efficient way. The investigation was planned to produce an out come presentation the strength of Vitamin C concentrations in different Juice types. This was done and a conclusion was gathered showing what was being looked for.In hindsight it was seen that the calculation could have caused problems in the reliability of the results. All the calculation were done with one main equation. However if there was any point were the calculations were not dome properly it would mean that the granted numbers wo uld not have been correct. Also, the calculator did not round up decimals therefore figures given would have been dependant on if the numbers were rounded up or not. Making sure that the same method was used at all stages could have rectified this. This would have ensured that all the figures were reliable.Another problem that could have caused results to be unreliable is the readings that were taken. The syringes that were used had markings that went up in 5s. Its possible that the reading were not done very accurate and not make at their existing point. If this problem were consistent all of the readings would have been inaccurate. By having the same person doing the readings and also having used a syringe that has more reading points would have made them more accurate in that the individual points would have been easier to read.Another possible problem that was seen was the fact that the aim was to look for colour changes. It would not have been able to come to a sure conclusion of what was straw colour and what was not. It would have not been able to come to a sure mark of straw coloured. thither would not no real solution to this problem as it would be dependant on the person. The only solution that could minimise this problem would be to have the same person making the judgments, as their perception of Straw coloured would be the same.Apart from the above points the investigation was went well and was carried out smoothly. The team were able to conclude the investigation with the use of gained figures and reactions.

Concepts of Corporate Strategy | SWOT Analysis of Apple

Concepts of integrated dodging SWOT Analysis of AppleCorporate StrategyIntroductionMarketing strategists term this a harvest strategy and consider it a no-brainer (Hamel Prahalad, 1994125). Few current headache organisation concepts ar more prostrate to all(prenominal)placesimplification than the growth/ piece of ground work, with its labelling of harvest-homes or divisions or whole companies as dogs, question marks, stars or specie cows (Seeger, 198494). An app atomic number 18nt disadvantage of the intercellular substance was that it assumed that grocery take was reliable indicator of emerging profitability (Calandro Lane, 200730). The in a higher place three quotations all criticise the BCG growth/sh be hyaloplasm and its practicality as a matched tool. This paper discusses the advantages and limitations of the matrix and its cover for Apple Inc. as a competitive tool. It concludes that the BCG matrix does throw away some advantages except is non countenance for all logical argumentes industries and should not be determinationd as a sole depth psychology pretense. In the fast paced competitive modern business world crackment just the BCG matrix for evaluating a follows portfolio move have disastrous consequences.The paper is divided into flipper parts. Starting with an introduction, it moves on to the concepts of integrated strategy, portfolio summary and the portfolio models. The third part discusses some of the advantages and limitations of the BCG matrix. The fourth deals with the implications of the BCG matrix when applied to Apple Inc. ending with the conclusion.Corporate Strategy, Portfolio Analysis and Portfolio hyaloplasm ModelsAlways to be best, and to be distinguish in a higher place the rest. This quote from Homer the 8th Century Greek Poet epitomizes the aim of all organizations. This is where strategy comes in. Strategy is the do-or-die(a)ction and scope of an organisation over the long term, which achieves a dvantage in a changing environment through its configuration of resources and competences with the aim of fulfilling stakeholder expectations (Johnson, Scholes Whittington, 20059). unmatched of the ways of achieving this is through competitive strategy. fit to gate clencher competitive strategy involves positioning a business to maximize the value of the capabilities that distinguish it from its competitors (1980 47). To achieve this, c areful compend of the external and internal environment is required. impression and Porters Five Forces Model hobo be utilise for external analysis. For internal analysis the most comm however used is the seven S framework as tumefy as SWOT analysis, value chain, value chain (supply) analysis and portfolio analysis. The resolve is greater sagacity of the environment in which the business operates.Organizations operate under three levels of strategy. Corporate-level strategy, business-level strategy and working(a) or functional strategy. Corporate strategies deal with the organization as a whole enchantment business strategy focuses on how to compete in a situation industry or product- commercialise segment (Hofer Schendel, 1978 cited in Beard Dess, 1981667). Operational strategy is how the organization accomplishes the strategies delimit come forward in the first cardinal development its several(a) resources. For an organization to be profi circuit board it is important to have effective strategies on all levels unsharedly a successful corporate strategy is crucial to the success of business and operational strategy.The late 1960s and early 1970s saw some(prenominal) conglomerates diversifying into opposite fields. New divisions or (Strategic Business Units) were evolving. The problem management faced was of in effect managing all these diversified building blocks. One strategy could not work for all SBUs as they all experience dissimilar competitor threats, merchandise growth rates and trade shar es. This problem was solved by the creation of the portfolio analysis. Portfolio strategy pertains to the mix of business units and product positions that fit together in a logical way to extend synergy and competitive advantage for the corporation (Daft, 2008249). The aim of the corporation is to have a equilibrize corporate portfolio, so that they fag decide which activities or products to expand,introduce and which businesses to acquire or dispose off. Thus, diversified company portfolios are the normal and indwelling business form for efficiently channelling investment into the most productive use (Henderson, 1977203).The most common form of evaluating the corporate portfolios is the portfolio matrix models. Igor Ansoff, veri give in his result-Market Growth Matrix in the 1950s. He believed that just to retain its relative position, a business blotto essential go through continuous growth and stir (Ansoff, 1957113). He used four possible combinations of foodstuff pene tration, product development, market development and diversification and plot them on a 22 model. McKinsey Co certain a matrix where the variables were market strength and competitive position. Bruce Henderson in the mid 70s using the same matrix principle developed his BCG growth/share matrix model. It had the same 22 matrix but was based on relative market share and market growth and used cash go and the experience curve as a criterion. Arthur D. Little developed another model which used the product life cycle. These latter three matrices form the basis of the assorted portfolio models that have been widely used to structure the strategic be afterning cognitive process of the firm in the 1970s (Coate, 198347).Since then there have been many matrices developed e.g. the GE model which uses ROI for assessing an investment opportunity and Shell which used a similar refined matrix evaluating business prospects along with the competitive position of the company. However, the most commonly used matrix by organizations is still Hendersons BCG Growth/Share Matrix. It has to be taken into consideration however that it is important to see these models as aids to decision make, not a replacement for management choice (Hooley, Saunders Piercy, 200464).BCG Matrix Advantages and LimitationsThe BCG matrix plots SBUs by looking at the relationship between market growth and market share. Henderson divided the matrix into cash cows, stars, question marks and dogs and asserted that only a diversified company with a well balanced portfolio give the axe use its strengths to truly capitalize on its growth opportunities (Henderson, 197037). To show the relative signifi toleratece of the SBU, size is shown in circles which tail end be calculated both from assets employed or sale turnover.The growth/share matrix gained immense popularity among turgid organizations with many SBUs. They could now use the matrix and decide which units to nurture, invest or divest. Its main advantage was its attractive presentation and easy to remember terms. development only two variables it was easy and quick to make as well as cosmos versatile enough to be applied to different brands, products, customers and distribution channels. The matrix became popular with managers who preferred the idea of cash menstruum implications rather than net profit which are more in the accounts domain. The PIMS breedingbase which was developed at the General Electric in the 60s and further developed by the Management experience Institute at Harvard in the early 70s excessively supported this view. Another reason for the BCGs popularity was fashion. It is an idea that is well understood and liked by many mangers and therefore integrity that allows communication between headquarters and strategic business units (SBUs). It has become part of the common business vocabulary (Hooley et al, 200471). Undoubtedly, the simplicity of the matrix was its study advantage but it had its li mitations as well.One of the major problems of the BCG matrix were the claims made by the developers that such a single chart with a project position five years out is sufficient al unrivalled to tell a companys profitability, debt capacity, growth potential, dividend potential and competitive strength (BCG, 20083). According to them the matrix would provide the complete solution but this is an erroneous belief. It does not provide the perfect solution for evaluating a companys portfolio. This is also confirm by Hooley et al who say that if it is used it should be audited carefully to ensure its validity rather than followed blindly (20042). Furthermore, there is no set definition of what an SBU is or what the definition of a market is e.g. a product might be a leader in a local market niche but at the same metre a small player in the global market.The matrix is also difficult to plot accurately using market share and market growth. Organizational strength cannisternot be measured by market share alone, it has to take into consideration other strengths e.g. financial strength, brand equity, exclusive distribution channels or unique product features etc. In the same way market growth is only one aspect of market attractiveness. Using the cash flow resources for evaluation can also be perceived as a flaw. In times of high inflation, cash flow may indeed be the major constraint on a companys action range, but other capabilities such as allot managerial talent, expertise, know how, skilled labor and organizational flexibility are also important (Derkinderen Crum, 1984132). overly, according to Henderson we should kick the dogs, cloister the cows and throw our gold at stars. Only the question mark category demands management thought (Seeger, 198494). This assumption can be criticised as being over simplistic. Dogs, should not be divested off without thought. They can retain that important portion of market share keeping competitors at bay, and also an organiz ation who has a dominant product may deliberately introduce a dog into its portfolio for the same purpose. Sometimes, occasionally it is possible to restore a dog to viability by a creative business naval division strategy, rationalizing and specializing the business into a small niche which it can dominate (Hedley cited in Wit Meyer, 2004322).The human aspects and behavioural implications of the matrix are also overlooked e.g. how managers of SBUs categorize as cash cows react when their hard earned cash is given to other SBUs, or of members within the organization whose brainchild is divested? This can have-to doe with the morale of management and may result in quick turnover of disg elapsetled staff which is not beneficial to the organization. The simplicity of the matrix where an advantage can also be harmful since competitors can easy identify the strategy being used and use it to their advantage. An ex tidy of this is the successful infiltration of the Japanese in the UK m otorcycle industry. Another limitation as Coate says is that independent strategies cant be defined for all possible business units (198352) i.e. a business unit producing multiple products cannot invest in one profitable product and ignore the others. Either they all get investment of all of them have to be divested. in spite of the fact that the matrixs limitations far outweigh its benefits, it is still frequently used by organizations and in certain situations can be used as an effective competitive tool as well. The important thing is that it should not be used as the sole analysis method for decision making. plane the Boston Consulting Group has in recent years admitted that market share by itself does not necessarily mean competitive strength. In a serial publication of articles in the Financial Times in November 1981, Michael Gould of the BCG maintained that it is valuable to be the market leader for branded earnests with the advantage of price leadership and the ability t o outspread marketing and distribution costs over a high volume but economies of scale may be achieved even by a firm that is not the largest producer in the industry (Johnson et al, 200590). It is though, fair to say that the simplicity of the Box makes it operationally recyclable and its ease of understanding makes it a reclaimable operational tool provided its limitations are kept clearly in mastermind (Hooley et al, 200487).Apple Inc. The BCG Matrix1 Profile StrategyApple is a global company operating in the technology industry which contrives, manufactures and markets personal computers, portable music players and mobile communication devices. It was established in 1977 as Apple Computer Inc. specialising in personal computers. Operating in the ever changing high growth market and extreme opposition, Apple began losing its market share to its major competitors including IBM and Hewlett Packard as well as the entry of numerous other PC manufacturing companies determined to enter the highly profitable market.SWOT Analysis(fig 2)StrengthsWeaknessesStrong brand image big-chested financial performanceMedia contentDeclining research and development (RD) investmentOpportunitiesThreatsSmart PhonesBooming MP3 player marketsGrowing personal computers and peripherals marketsIntense competitionDependence on specific suppliersPatent infringementApple was faced with a weakening Mac line, stiff competition and demand for better value by the shareholders. at that place was get hold of for a drastic change in strategy and product diversification was chosen as a mean of entrance other consumer electronic market segments. In the Swot Analysis (fig 2) carried out by DataMonitor, we can clearly see their opportunities in the clever phones and MP3 player markets. In January 2007, the company changed its hollo to Apple Inc. as they diversified into other products.Currently, Apple Inc. in its portfolio owns three SBUs. The first is the Mac range which comprises of d esktop and notebook computers along with their accessories. Secondly, it offers music products and go which include ipod, itunes etc. The third SBU consist of the mobile communication devices i.e. iphone.2. BCG Matrix and Apples Product PortfolioIn the current competitive industry using the BCG matrix offers some benefits for Apple but there are disadvantages too. The flexibility that the matrix offers i.e. it can be used for plotting product portfolio of a firm can be beneficial to Apple. To introduce new products and revamp current ones a company needs vast amounts for investment. Apple needed money for RD which is a major expenditure for companies operating in the technology industry. The Company believes continual investment in research and development is critical to the development and intensifyment of innovative products and technologies (Apple Investor Relations, 20071). in the midst of 2005 and 2007, Apple spent $535 million dollars on RD. Part of this money was obtained by withholding dividend payments for two years between 2006 and 2007. The rest was from divesting within the Mac range. Using the BCG matrix, the decision of which products to invest in and which to divest would have been pretty straigtforward.Market growth for technological products very rarely slows long enough for a product to be figureified as a cash cow. Therefore, most of these products would be classified either as a star, question mark or dog. At the time when Apple changed its strategy it had a large number of computers in its product range which it needed to reduce. The whole of the Mac Range would have been plot with a few top selling products as stars which would have been carrying the whole load of the company with its profits. A few question marks which had low market share but were still making a profit which was being again utilized internally, but had low chances of becoming a star and quite a a large number of products and their associated accessories and softwar e would have been plotted in the dogs quadrant. By divesting in the dogs, Apple would have undoubtedly lost some market share but in introducing new products their aim was to attain market share in other markets. Spending huge amounts on RD, Apple updated and introduced few but better computers like ibook and imac into its product line in direct competition with their competitors.At the same time as update its product line for the Mac range the ipod range can also be plotted on the matrix. The ipod currently holds 77% of the global market share , but to keep up with the current high demand Apple almost every year introduces a new version with more features and divest the oldest version which by that time has moved to the dog quadrant. It also uses the same strategy for the iphone range. Even though iphone is a relative new offering from Apple, it is already facing competition and to maintain and increase its market share Apple keeps introducing newer versions.Therfore, even though the BCG matrix does offer Apple benefits for managing its product portfolio, it negates one of the main declarations of Hendrix that only a diversified company with a well balanced portfolio can use its strengths to truly capitalize on its growth opportunities (197037). For a well balanced portfolio, a company must have cash cows, however, with Apple and its products, the market growth rate never slows enough for a product to become a cash cow. Most of its products are in the star or question mark quadrants, and some are dogs which are then divested. Apple however sometimes does hightail it to retain some dogs, even though Henderson believed that pets are not necessary (197037), and should be divested off, Apple keeps some of its older versions of products because they retain a small share of the market which might be vital to the companies overall market share.3. BCG Matrix and Apples SBU PortfolioHowever using the BCG matrix with Apples corporate portfolio poses quite a few probl ems. First of all the developers claims that such a single chart with a projected position five years out is sufficient alone to tell a companys profitability, debt capacity, growth potential, dividend potential and competitive strength (BCG, 20083), cannot be applied to Apple Inc. Apple operates in a fast changing environment where the introduction of one product can radically change the competitive strength and market share of a company. An representative is Dell Computers who in 2007 lost its market leader title to HP. Within one year HPs market share increased dramatically to 17.6% while Dells managed only 13.9%. Apple comes third with a global market share of 2.6%, but that can change rapidly. Also for Apples iphone the current market share is only 6.5% compared to Blackberry which holds 41% and Palm at 9%, but the iphone is relatively new. It was introduced in July 2007 and immediately took over 28% market share of the US smart phone industry showing competitive strength of th e product. Apple with iphone is challenging the market leaders and its market share is increasing every quarter. Therefore, a five year forecast cannot be accurate for analysing its future position.Also, however, if we plot the Mac computer range using market share and market growth rates, it would be positioned in the question mark quadrant. But that would make analysis difficult since two products of the mac range i.e. the ibook and imac are stars but as a SBU plotted in question marks. To manage all the products together would be difficult since some products require investment and some do not, according to the matrix you plan a unit strategy not an individual one.Once again Hendersons criteria of having a balanced portfolio for success would not be applicable in the SBU matrix either. Currently, Apples ipod business unit is a market leader with majority market share and high market growth and would be plotted as a star, and the iphone and mac ranges would be placed in the questi on mark quadrant. It does not have any cash cows or dogs. A successful organization has to have cash cows from where cash flow is diverted into stars and question marks. The ipod sales at present is generating enough cashflow, not only to sustain itself but the other SBUs as well. If we blindly believe Hendersons assumption then logically Apple should be in dire trouble whereas it is actually increasing its market share and cash flow with all three units.Another drawback of using the BCG matrix would be giving its competitors easier understanding of its strategy. With the companys annual reports and market shares available publically, if competitors like HP and Blackberry know that Apple is using the BCG matrix as the sole analysis method they can easily construct a matrix for Apple and figure out its future strategies.Therefore, even though the BCG matrix could be useful to Apple Inc. for analysing its products strength and could be used as a decision tool, it would not be useful f or future decision concerning its SBUs. It has to be admitted though that the BCG in its simplicity maybe can be more effective in another industry. It can be used as an internal analysis method but using it as the sole decisions making analysis method could be hazardous for the company. This is further confirmed by Seeger who says that no management model can safely substitute for analysis and common sense (198497). Apple would benefit using the SID techniques, risk analysis e.g. the monte carlo risk analysis model as well as personal experience and judgement before making any future decisions for its strategic business units.ConclusionWe have thereof seen how as a competitive tool the BCG matrix has its advantages and disadvantages. The main advantage being its simplicity and ease of plotting, but elegance and simplicity in a theorys presentation cannot guarantee sanity in its use (Seeger, 198493). At the same time the matrix has its disadvantages in not having clear boundaries o f what a market is and the criterion for market share and growth and the effect of external factors on it. To gain a competitive advantage a company aims towards making an outlay of cash now in the expectation of extra cash coming in the future (Dixon, 199421). For that they need to be in a competitive position and know which units to invest in and which to divest. BCG matrix makes this decision easier for managers but it has to be utilized in a carefully evaluated way.The matrix does give an index of SBUs performance in the current market but it is not a model that should be followed without use of other methods of analysis and use of judgment by managers. This can be summarized in the words of Porter who affirms this by saying that the growth/share matrix can be one component of a competitor analysis when combined with other kinds of analysis (Porter, 1980364) or Hooley et al who say that it is clearly inadequate as a complete solution, but is of unchallenged value as a starting point in many analyse (200472). Therefore, not begrudging BCG matrix the benefits it offers mangers it is defective as a sole analysis model for competitive strategy and still needs careful evaluation before any decision can be finalized.BibliographyAnsoff, H. I. (1957) Strategies for Diversification. Harvard Business Review, 35(5)113-124, Online available at http//web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=4hid=106sid=2bad248a-b6cb-4c13-81c2-74db4080bfda%40sessionmgr102 (Accessed 15th June 2008)BCG The Boston Consulting Group, (2008). The Experience Curve Reviewed. IV. The Growth Share Matrix or The Product Portfolio. Online available athttp//www.bcg.com/publications/files/Experience_Curve_IV_Growth_Share_Matrix_1973.pdf (Accessed 12th July 2008)Beard, D. W. Dess, G.G. (1981) Corporate-Level Strategy, Business-Level Strategy, and Firm Performance. The honorary society of Management Journal, 24(4)663-688, Online available at http//www.jstor.org/stable/256169?Search=yesterm=corporate-leve lterm=performanceterm=firmterm=strategyterm=business-levellist=hidesearchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3F wonder%3DCorporate-Level%2BStrategy%252C%2BBusiness-Level%2BStrategy%252C%2Band%2BFirm%2BPerformance%26dc%3D every last(predicate)%2BDisciplinesitem=1ttl=194returnArticleService=showArticle (Accessed 22nd May 2008)Calandro Jr, J Lane, S. (2007) Special Section Winning in your industry new tools and strategies. A new competitive analysis tool the relative profitability and growth matrix. Strategy and Leadership, 35(2)30-38, Online Available at http//www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do?contentType=ArticlecontentId=1596528 (Accessed 2nd May 2008)Coate, M.B. (1983) Pitfalls in Portfolio Planning. yearn Range Planning, 16(3) 47-56, Online available at http//www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL_udi=B6V6K-45PMPYS-14_ drug user=10_coverDate=06%2F30%2F1983_alid=760368145_rdoc=3_fmt=high_orig=search_cdi=5817_sort=d_docanchor=view=c_ct=3_acct=C000050221_version=1_u rlVersion=0_userid=10md5=f8879374940c70491a7e8906d1bc6068 (Accessed 24th June, 2008)Daft, R. L. (2008) New Era of Management, 2nd ed. Mason Thomson Higher Education.Derkinderen, F. G. J. Crum, R. L. (1984) Pitfalls in Using Portfolio Techniques Assessing Risk and Potential. capacious Range Planning, 17(2) 129-136. Online available at http//www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL_udi=B6V6K-45K4GRJ-9P_user=6649953_coverDate=04%2F30%2F1984_alid=760368145_rdoc=2_fmt=high_orig=search_cdi=5817_sort=d_docanchor=view=c_ct=3_acct=C000010181_version=1_urlVersion=0_userid=6649953md5=4eb70387aca6a81b0bed14dab76607ae (Accessed 24th June, 2008)Dixon, R. (1994) Investment Appraisal. CIMA, rev.ed. London Kogan PageHamel, G. Prahalad, C. K. (1994) Competing for the Future. Harvard Business Review. 72(4) 122-128, Online Available at http//web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=5hid=107sid=728905ba-dc97-471c-a829-b8c61346578f%40sessionmgr108 (Accessed 23rd April 2008)Henderson, B.D. (1970). The P roduct Portfolio. Reprinted in Stern, C.W. (ed.) and Stalk, G. (ed.) (1998). Perspectives on Strategy From The Boston Consulting Group, pp. 35-37, John Wiley and Sons, New York.Henderson, B.D. (1977) The Corporate Portfolio. Reprinted in Stern, C.W.and Stalk, G. (eds.) (1998). Perspectives on Strategy From The Boston Consulting Group, pp. 203-205, New York John Wiley and SonsHooley, G. Saunders, J. Piercy, N. (2004) Marketing Strategy and Competitive Positioning. 3rd Ed. Essex prentice Hall.Apple Investor Relations, (2007) Apple Inc. 10-K Annual Report. Available from http//phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=107357p=irol-reports (Accessed 17th May 2008)Johnson, G. Scholes, K Whittington, R. (2005) Exploring Corporate Strategy. 7th Ed. London Prentice Hall.Porter, M. E. (1980) Competitive Strategy. New York The Free Press.Thompson Jr, A.A, Strickland III, A.J. Gamble, J. E. (2007) Crafting and Executing Strategy. 15th Ed. New York McGraw-Hill Irwin.Wit, B.D. Meyer, R. (2004 ) STRATEGY-Process, Content, Context. 3rd Ed. London Thompson Learning.XML Database An Introduction and AnalysisXML Database An Introduction and AnalysisXML, mnemonic of eXtensible Markup words is one of the most extensively used selective information format and is used as a standard for exchange of info over the internet. As large amount of entropy is represented as XML documents, techniques like RDMS have to be used to store and interrogative sentence these XML documents.There are two well know approaches for parsing an XML document to convert into comparative DBMS SAX and DOM parsing. In this research, both these methods are studied and then the performance is compared. Some alternative ways of data structuring and tagging from tables of RDBMS as a hierarchical XML document has been studied. As a final result, the best alternative which willing provide with the best and effective performance for capturing and interrogativeing XML data using RDBMS can be found out.When a la rge amount of data is to be potent into an XML document, it becomes important to execute the request ask and compose the process at XML document. One way is to use XML native data base system. This has two weaknesses 1. eXtended Markup Language resident database system is not ample to save data and it cannot contain the complicated interrogative sentence at relational DBMS.2. It is impossible for the users to access XML documents and data that are stored in a relational DBMS.To spank the above mentioned weaknesses, questioning and storing XML data techniques using RDBMS are used. The steps for this approach are-1. Data or an XML document is saved by making relational table goal.2. XML data is divided by separating them into columns in the presented table.3. SQL Queries are used to get access to the XML document format obtained in RDBMS dta format.To transfer data from XML to data base, the strategy is to use C as middleware. This research can be through with(p) by parsing te chnique with the help of SAX parser or by using XML Tree Class.To do the vice versa, the present format of XML document from relational SQL SERVER 2008 database supported by C script, used as middleware is converted with the help of tagging and structure. All alternatives (outside engine) done by tagging and structuring process implies that a part of the task was done outside the relational database engine.For comparing the XML document and RDBMS from the point of speed in loading the process in the browser following tasks were performed-Searching of the data in the XML document is done with the help of DATA binding technique.Presentation of the XML data from RDBMS is done by searching data from XML document which was saved into SQL database, than with the help of DOM Tree method the result of the query is saved as a XML DocumentDatabase problems in XMLThey are hard to update.We cannot implement the constraints.Its difficult to optimize the xml database.Hard to maintain the consiste ncyData Storage and Data TransmissionThese two are different concepts. In data storage we store data and while storing it we need to check the validity of the data. In Data Transmission we simple transfer the data from one system to the other. XML are generally used for the Data Transmission purpose.COMPARISONRelational DatabaseXML DatabaseMETA DATA DefinitionCREATE duckDEFINE XML SCHEMA application of DATA break in,UPDATECREATE XML DOCUMENTQUERYSELECTXPath ,X oppugn1.2 BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS OF DIFFERENT DATABASE TECHNOLOGIESSpeed is the major advantage of creating database with objects. In OODBMS (Object oriented Database Management System) data is stored as objects but not in the form relational rows and columns such as in relational DBMS that is why OODBMS is faster than relational DBMS.OODBMS is more applicable than relational DBMS (RDBMS) for some tasks. This is because OODBMS performs many operations using navigational interfaces where as RDBMS uses declarative interfaces. OODBMS follows pointers to implement navigational access to data in an efficient manner.One disadvantage of RDBMS s is we need relational mapping layer to map the entire model for application objects to the database object model, whereas in OODBMS there is no need to match those layers. In RDBMS due to this mapping there may be an impedance mismatch and there is no such problem in OODBMS and it also increases the performance.OODBMS has some drawbacks like-As it is said above OODBMS uses pointers to implement navigational access to data this is one of the drawback as in general purpose queries this will lead to delay the output and also becomes complicated than relationalOne more drawback is that there is no mathematical foundation for OODBMS, unlike RDBMS. This makes OODBMS weaker than RDBMS in backing queries.The difference between data-base centric thinking and oop is in the way it views the world. The first one views the world through a viewpoint which is declarative and set a part-driven. The latter one views through a viewpoint which is behavioural. This is one of the major differences between databases and OOP. Many consider database technology as a failure. Hence attempt are being made in research and industrially to closely integrate database functionality into object programming languages.1.3 DIFFERENT APPROACHES FOR THE DATABASE DESGIGNDifferent approaches for the database design includes data model approach design approach and so on. Starting with the data model approachFor effective project implementation database design is most important aspect thats why should be completed within given time line to give economical approach in project developing phase. Data model construction and updating on change of data deign in necessary as every application will need data storage. It is one of the most crucial parts of an application for developer and user as well. The different normal forms are-1st Normal FormSimilar group should be stored in different tab le and tables should be provided by primary key to identify columns.2nd Normal FormTo protect data redundancy exotic key must be introduced.3rd Normal Form elementary key plays a prominent role making every column in the table related. This makes every column a dependent of the primary key of the table. Those fields not satisfying above property should be stored in a new table with a new key.4th Normal FormIndependent relationship should be removed from the relation database.5th Normal FormMany to many relationships can be related logically thats why its also known as Exists in never-never land.Followed by the data model approach is the design approach which is explained as below2nd and 3rd form designs should be used for large application having enhancement scope. Scalability should be kept in mind during designing phase of application.Third form can ask you to make host of tables with less number of entity which reduces data replication across tables. While public lecture to a f ellow developer i came to know that they used 3rd form as they were quite sure that it would not create dependency problem for their application as they used comma to differentiate primary determine in a defined field of a table.Classes that can be used as data object which contain properties, actually a description and quality of entity element and these properties are introduced by getter and setter, should be designed at the time of creating class diagram for an application. Both object and property shows real life entity. For creating the database tables we need following constraints and relationships to be there in that table so that final database developed will be more effective and understandable. These are explained in the Constrains section under the database design part with the help of query tools.LO2 DEsign and implementation2.1 necessaryThis assignment is to understand the database design concepts, implement the database designed and execute the queries to obtain the required result with the help of SQL Server database. It also helps in developing customer side application to modify, update and view the results through C. Net.Deeveedeezee, the online videodisk shop records the customer enlarge, videodisk exposit which includes title, genres, Studio, classification, actors, directors and other information. It provides the users to rate a DVD using star scaling ranging from 1 to 5 and also allows them to create their own wish list.Our objective is to understand how the database of this DEEVEEDEEZEE is maintained, practically implementing it with the help of SQL Server and develop an client end application that interacts with SQL Server and provides the user the authority to view and land dilate.The WindowsFormApplication1 is the project tile and the client application can be run by opening the solution in MS Visual studio and Debugging the Code. It can be done by clicking on Build-Start Debugging.FunctionDeeveedeezee.com as mentioned abov e provides the online customers various details approximately the DVDs, their reviews, ratings, synopsis and also allows them to create their own wish list. To maintain such a database, it has to be well designed and effectively handled by the executive director or the team of database continuously monitoring and assessing the required information.Every user is provided with unique user-id and password with which they can login and access the required information about the DVDs. They can even provide their comments, reviews and ratings as well which are again recorded under their user-id and are provided when ever required or asked for. Also deeveedeezee handling such large information from the website requires an Administrator or a team working on databases so that it is well managed and maintained. Thus every administrator and the team member again have got their own user-ids and passwords so that they can login into the databases and do their assigned tasks. These discussed det ails are presumed to be handled and the rest of the discussion focuses on the database designing, implementation and development of a client application which interacts with SQL server to provide them the easier access to match and view data from the database.Thus the backend database has got various data rules, definitions and constraints to be handled. Recording distinct information and accessed by different types of users, database has got different tables and views with appropriate fields and attributes. The database design diagram shown below shows the clear picture of how the database is designed, the various tables it maintains, attributes it holds and their properties.DATABASE send off DIAGRAM ERDThe diagram shown below depicts the various tables and its attributes. This design is modified and improved further with the help of Entity race Diagram. The Entity Relationship diagram of the report is as below.The rectangle boxes are considered as entitiesThe ovals are treated as attributes.Rhombus represents relationship between the entities.The diagram represents all entities, attributes and also the relations between the entities.It is a graphical commission of the relations.The ER diagram is a good means of understanding the relationships between the entities and attributes.In the below diagram, different users can be uniquely determined by its attributes like userId, email, firstName etc.User entity is related to DVD by Reviews.The ratings given to the movie by viewers are recorded through Ratings.Comments are the reviews of viewers.DVD on the other hand can be uniquely determined by its attributes like videodiskId, title, studio etc.Role connects DVD and People.Role can be various tasks of people like actors, producer, and director.People have attributes of peopleId and peopleName.dvdDetailsdvdIdtitleretailPricereleaseDaterunningTimesynopsisgenresstudiousersuserIdinitialsfirstNamesurnamedateOfBirthaddressemailmobileNotelephoneNopasswordtimestamps tudio shape Database DesignAddviewUsersAddrolesidpeopleIddvdIdrolewishlistidemailuserIdwishlistCustomersviewdvdClassificationiddvdIdclassificationdescriptionpeoplepeopleIdpeopleFirstNamereviewreviewIduserIdemaildvdIdreviewratingtimestampEntity Relationship Diagram (ERD)peopleNamepeopleIdpeopleRoledvdIdtitleretailPricereleaseDaterunningTimesynopsisgenresstudioDVDRatingCommentReviewuserIddateOfBirthsurNamefirstNameinitialsUsertelephoneNomobileNoemailaddresspassword2.2 4.3 DOCUMENTATION AND implementation OF THE DATABASEDatabase Implementation and Datatype UsageThe designed database discussed with the help of database design diagram and entity relationship diagram are implemented in SQL with the help of MS visual studio.All the attribute and tablenames are in used as per the conventions like using camel case, singular table name and so on. The output tables, conents nd query results are recorded with the help of screenshots and are shown as below set back1 user tableCommentsThe detai ls of the users like firstName,email, DOB, address, contact details are recoderd.In this table Primary key contraint,Not Null constraints are present.Datatypes of each attribute as per the given data rules are being implemented as shown above.Table2 dvdDetail tableCommentsIt stores the all details of DVD like running time ,release date,title and creates an unique dvd id.In this table Primary key contraint,Not Null constraints are presentDatatypes of each attribute as per the given data rules are being implemented as shown above.Table3 review tableCommentsIt stores the reviews and the rating i.e No. Of stars given to the DVD by the user.It has not null contraints ,check constraints which checks that the rating field have value greater than 0 and less than 5,foreign key contrains.email is the foreign key which is refrencing to the primary key of the users table.userId and dvdId the combination of these two is used as a primary key.Table4 people tableComment It stores the name of the people involved in the movie or DVD and gives a unique id to each of them that is peopleId.Table5 role tableCommentIt stores the role of the each people involved in the movie like director,producer,actor etc.It has a foreign key dvdId which refrences to the dvdDetails dvdId.id is the primary key which is a identity with a seed 1.Table6 wishlist tableCommentIt stores the wishlist of each user in comma seprated form.In this table id is the identity with seed 1 and userId is the primary key and email is the foreign key.Table7 dvdClassification tableCommentIt stores the classification of the dvd with a little description about the dvd.dvdId is the foreign key and id primary key and also a identity with seed 1.Constraintsnot NULL ConstraintThis is a constraint which restricts the user from entering the null value or leaving it blank.The user needs to provide the details for that field.It becomes necessary for the user to enter. physique not NULL CONSTRAINTIn the given example id,email,u serId fields can not be left empty. User need to provide these details otherwise it will through error.wishlist can be left empty.Query for this constraintCREATE TABLE wishList( id int NOT NULL,email varchar(100) NOT NULL ,userId int ,wishList varchar(MAX) NOT NULL)Primary key constraintsThis constraint is used to uniquely identify the row in the table.This field is not repeated in any of the other row.Primary key of one table can be used as the reference or foreign key of the other table.Fig PRIMARY KEY ConstraintIn the above example userId is the primary key. All the rows in this table will have different userId.Fig Showing the implication of Primary signalise constraintIn the above figure it is clealy shown that the userId is different for different rows.Unique constraintThis is the constraint used for uniquely identifying a particular column.All the values in a particular column are different.Fig UNIQUE CONSTAINTIn the above figure userId field has a unique constraint.It is a i dentity with a seed of 1.Every time a new row is inserted is mechanically increments the value of the userId which ensures that in userId column no value is repeated.Fig Showing the implication of Unique constraintIn the above figure in userId column no value is repeated . userId has a unique constraint. hostile key constraintThis constraint ensures that the database has a refrential integrity.Foreign key is works on the refrence of the primary key of some other table.QueryCREATE TABLE wishList(id int ,userId int PRIMARY KEY,email varchar (100) references users(email)wishList varchar(MAX))Fig Foreign Key ConstraintsIn the above figure email is the foreign key which refrences the email i.e the primary key of the users table.Check constraintThis constraint makes sure that all values in a column satisfy certain specific criteria.QueryCREATE TABLE review( reviewId int NOT NULL,userId int NOT NULL,dvdId int NOT NULL,review varchar(200) NOT NULL,rating float CHECK (rating0)timestamp times tamp)This check constraint helps in validation of ensuring the star rating to be between 0 and 5.OrCREATE TABLE dvdDetail( dvdId int NOT NULL primary key identity(1,1),retailPrice int NOT NULL,title varchar NOT NULL,synopsis varchar NOT NULL,runningTime int CHECK (runningTime10 AND ratinggenres varchar NOT NULLstudio varchar NOT NULL)This check constraint ensures that the running time to be between 10 and 5000.LO3 Use of Manipulation and Query tools3.1 Benefits of Manipulation and Query Tools in DatabaseManipulation and Query tools in database include those commands and statements that on execution would help in data manipulation. SQL maintains certain standards which includes DML or Data Manipulation Language. The major SQL commands that include in this DML are INSERT, UPDATE, ALTER and so on. These tools or query commands help in modification of tha data and constant updates that have to be made. SQL Server 2008 offers a very good platform that provides access to database and also it provides the query window for executing various commands that include in the Data Manipulation Language. They are very much useful in making it easier for the user to modify the data and update some information. A fine picture of these tools and their functioning can be understood in the sections below3.2 Implementation Query toolsQuery for viewing all DVDs belonging to the Romantic Comedy genre in order of price.Table Initial data in dvdDetails tableQuery-SELECT dvdId, title, retailPrice, releaseDate, runningTime, synopsis, genres, studioFROM dvdDetailsWHERE (genres = Romantic Comedy) mark BY retailPriceThe query when executed would result into the table as shown belowTable firmness of the queryQuery for viewing all DVDs belonging to the Universal Pictures UKstudio.TableInitial data in dvdDetails tableQuery-SELECT dvdId, title, retailPrice, releaseDate, runningTime, synopsis, genres, studioFROM dvdDetailsWHERE (studio = Universal Pictures UK Studio)Table Result of the queryQue ry for viewing all DVDs in which Johnny Depp or De Caprio have acted.Table Initial data in dvdDetails tableQuery-SELECT dvdDetails.dvdId, dvdDetails.title, dvdDetails.retailPrice, dvdDetails.releaseDate, dvdDetails.runningTime, dvdDetails.synopsis, dvdDetails.genres, dvdDetails.studio, choose.dvdId AS Expr1 FROM dvdDetails INNER JOIN (SELECT DISTINCT NATURAL.dvdIdFROM roles AS NATURAL INNER JOIN people ON people.peopleId = NATURAL.peopleIdWHERE (people.peopleFirstName = Shahrukh) OR (people.peopleFirstName = Amir khan))AS choose ON choose.dvdId = dvdDetails.dvdIdTable Result of the queryView all the DVDs which Steven Spielberg has directed.TableInitial data in dvdDetails tableQuery-SELECT dvdDetails.dvdId, dvdDetails.title, dvdDetails.retailPrice, dvdDetails.releaseDate, dvdDetails.runningTime, dvdDetails.synopsis, dvdDetails.genres, dvdDetails.studio, choose.dvdId AS Expr1FROM dvdDetailsINNER JOIN(SELECT DISTINCT NATURAL.dvdIdFROM roles AS NATURALINNER JOIN people ON people.peopleI d = NATURAL.peopleIdWHERE (NATURAL.role = Director) OR (people.peopleFirstName = Farah Khan)) AS choose ON choose.dvdId = dvdDetails.dvdIdTable Result of the queryView of all the DVDs suitable for a Valentines Gift.Table Initial data in dvdDetails tableQuery-SELECT dvdId, title, retailPrice, releaseDate, runningTime, synopsis, genres, studioFROM dvdDetailsWHERE (genres = Romantic)Table Result of the queryView of all the DVDs suitable for children (under 10s) to watch.Table Initial data in dvdDetails tableQuery-SELECT dvdId, title, retailPrice, releaseDate, runningTime, synopsis, genres, studioFROM dvdDetailsWHERE (genres = under 10)Table Result of the queryDVDs on the wishlist for a specified customerTableInitial data in wishlist tableQuery-SELECT wishListFROM wishlistWHERE (userId = 1)Table Result of the queryDVDs in order of release dateTable Initial data in dvdDetails tableQuery-SELECT dvdId, title, retailPrice, releaseDate, runningTime, synopsis, genres, studioFROM dvdDetailsORD ER BY releaseDateTable Result of the queryDVDs belonging to a specified studio in order.TableInitial data in dvdDetails tableQuery-SELECT dvdId, title, retailPrice, releaseDate, runningTime, synopsis, genres, studioFROM dvdDetailsORDER BY studioTableResult of the queryTo add a sample DVD.Table Initial data in dvdDetails tableQuery-INSERT INTO dvdDetails(retailPrice, releaseDate, genres, studio, runningTime, title)VALUES (99, CONVERT(DATETIME, 1990-05-02 000000, 102), under10, Coke Studio, 1100, Tom)Table Result of the queryTableData in dvdDetails table after executing queryAn update query to change the review star rating assigned by a customer to a DVD.Table Initial data in review tableQuery-UPDATE reviewSET rating = 3.5WHERE (userId = 1)TableResult of the queryTableData in review table after executing query3.3 EVALUATION OF QUERY TOOLSQueries can be simple and complex. For the complex queries we make the stored procedures, views and trigger which we can use later in our code and fo r the simple query we can directly embed in the code. Stored procedures contain more than one query and the stored procedure is pre compiled method for accessing the data from the database. Queries including select, insert, update etc are written in the procedures. After committing the query if any error occurs then we roll back and ignore the result of that query.If the meliorate relationship is present between the tables than only we can get the correct result from the dataLO4 Use, documenting and implementing of Relational Database Management System4.1 4.2 TESTING OF THE RELATIONAL DATABASE AND ITs IMPLEMENTATIONQueries in the section 3.2 produce the result right on i.e. the output of different queries are correct and as we know that queries will give the correct output only when the relation between the tables are correct i.e. the relational database is correctly made. Queries in the view section and the also in the client application desired view produce a correct result whi ch shows that the implementation of the relational database is correct.Client ApplicationMicrosoft Visual Studio has been used for developing the client application in C.NET. Our main objective was to provide the user with the facility to add and view the data from the database so that proper updating can be done and relevant information can be provided to the user through the online website of deeveedeezee.com.The prerequisites for this application areMS Visual Studio installed in the computer system with C.NET and SQL server.The MDF file or the database has to be loaded into the application through MS Studio by Data- Add new datasources- Database.Once the database is loaded, the SqlConnection string path has to be modified to the path where the database is located.Every user of this client application is provided with unique username and password through which he can log in into the application. The application only highlights the required and mentioned features in the assignment of turn over and ADD. The figure below represents the Client Application as it looks after logging in successfully.afterlogin client app.JPG Fig Client ApplicationThe user allowed viewing and adding the data, on clicking the respective buttons would be directed to the forms as shown belowview and add.jpgFig View and Add formsOne can view the details of DVDs, Reviews posted by the customers through online website, Ratings provided by them, their wish lists and the user data.One can add up details to be displayed about DVD to the customer, roles played by various actors, actress and other working staff for that particular product, rating as per the reviews and rating awarded by the customers and also new users data.The following sets of figures describe how the data and various details are added to through the client application into the databaseadd dvddetails.JPG Fig Add dvdDetailsOn clicking the submit button, in the coding section the query to insert the details of DVD which inclu des dvd Name or title, Price, Genres, Date of Release of the DVD, Studio and synopsis is executed and the table of dvdDetails is updated as shown above in the query section.add ratings.JPGFig Add DVD RatingsViewing the details of review and rating provided by the customers through online, the user of this client application can rate the dvd accordingly. He has to identify the dvd ID and based on the information he has got he can provide the rating on a scale of 1 to 5. As explained above similarly on clicking the submit button, the query gets exected in the back and the table of concerned gets updated as shown above in the query section.add roles1.JPGFig Add Role DetailsThis helps in providing the customer regarding the cast details of the product.add users.JPGFig Add Users DetailsThis helps in validating the user by adding them into the database.Similarly viewing would allow the user with the following outputFig View of dvdDetailsdvdDetails includes title, price, date of relase and such other features that described the dvd. dvdID is uniquely and automatically generated and is considered as the primary key. From the data available in this table dvds can be classified based on their genre and studio as per requirement.Fig View of RolesThis table helps in updating the online site with the roles played by various persons involved in making this product. The persons can be identified by their unique ids.Fig View of WishlistAs provided online by the customers their wishlist gets updated in the database ad can be viewed for knowing required information about the user and his preferences for future use.Fig View of Users dataUsers or customers using deeveedeezee.com online and th staff using this application, all the details are provided in this table from which one can know about their personal details and contact information to be used for various purposes.Fig View of ReviewsBased on the data provided in the reviews by online viewers, the users of this application can add the modified rating based on data collected from many sources.2.3 Application of a range of database tools to enhance user interfaceIn all the above view forms, GRIDVIEW t