Elies Wiesel And Night :: essays research papers

Elies Wiesel and NightDo you see that chimney over there? See it? Do you see those flames? oer there-thats where youre going to be taken. Thats your grave, over there. Haventyou realize it yet? You dumb bastards, dont you understand anything? Youregoing to be burned. Frizzed away. Turned into ashes.Night is one of the masterpieces of Holocaust literature. It is theautobiographical accounting of an adolescent boy and his father in Auschwitz. ElieWiesel writes of their battle for survival, and with his battle with God for away to understand the wanton cruelty he witnessed each day.Elie Wiesel was born(p) in a little, quiet town called Sighet, in transylvaniawhere he had lived all of his young life. Quiet until the 1940s, when the city,and eke himself charged for ever, just as Europe, and for that matter the world.One day they expelled all the foreigners of the city, and Wiesels master in thestudy of cabbala (Jewish mysticism) of a foreigner so he was expelled too.The deportees were soon forgotten, he writes. However a few lines by and by heexplains why this is relevant, and gives the reader an idea of what was going onin the minds of the jews living where he did.He told his story (referring to the expelled Rabbi) and that of his companions.The train full of deportees had crossed the Hungarian frontier and on Polishterritory had been taken in charge by the Gestapo. The jews had to cohere out andclimb into lorries. The lorries dove towards a forest. The jews were made to getout. They were made to dig huge graves. And when they had finished their work,the Gestapo began theirs. Without passion, without taste, they slaughtered their

Vegetarianism Essay -- Healthy Lifestyle Essay

Let food be thy medicine and thy medicine be thy food. stated Hippocrates, the father of Western medicine, 460-377 BC (Silverstone 15). every(prenominal) American should live by this quote, but things boast drastic exclusivelyy changed since Hippocrates voiced that divine statement . Nowadays peoples personification of wellness has nothing to do with what we put on on an everyday basis. Our generation, most certainly will drive straight to McDonaldss for a Big Mac without hesitation of the harm it is doing to your body. Education of health is essential people need to learn what they are eating and how it will affect them in the long run. Due to mega rich corporations and institutions, they are keeping all of us in this denial because of pouring millions of dollars into efforts to keep us from knowing what is truly going on (Silverstone 16). Whether its to help descend your risk of diseases, or purely to attain better health, leaving farmed animals entirely out of your diet is an effortless decision with life-long benefits. Plant-based diets will strengthen your immune system, beautify your skin, increase your energy, and reduce risk of various diseases (Silverstone 1). Being vegetarian is a step in the right direction by protecting your health, animals, and the surround. As a human be, by temperament are we meant to be meat-eaters? Giehl et al. argues that It has been discovered that the diet of any animal in its natural state fits to its anatomical structure and established body functions. With attentive analysis, it is ostensible that humans are not naturally suited to a diet which includes flesh. For example, when you look at meat animals such as wolfs, lions, hyenas, etc their fang teeth are create to rip flesh and devour meat. It would be vir... ... only do I feel fitter on daily basis, my body hasnt been seriously sick since being vegetarian. I actually was convinced to finally give up meat after reading the book The Kind Diet by Alicia Silversto ne. I have never been fond of killing animals but once educating myself I knew I could never go back to consuming meat. Being healthy, protecting animals, and saving the environment are the key reasons to become a vegetarian. Adapting to a vegetarian lifestyle will benefit you in several ways and contribute to making our society much livable. Your making a difference, and taking a stand for what you believe in. There are plenty of appetizing recipes for a vegetarian, you will never lack from ineffective amount of food. If you choose to eat meat or not, taking vegetarianism into consideration can only feed your body with nutrients and elongate your delicate life.

Conditional and Iterative Data Types :: Essays Papers

Conditional and Iterative Data TypesConditional and IterativeA programming language cannot be a programming language with out its conditional and iterative structures. Programming languages are built to accomplish the task of coercive computer input and output. A programmer must use every tool available to complete his/her given tasks, and conditional as well as iterative statements are the most basic items of programming which must be mastered. Many different programming languages can demonstrate conditional and iterative statements including C++, Java, Pascal, Qbasic, COBOL, and Scheme. Most of these languages implement conditional and iterative statements in a similar fashion however, there are a few differences.The conditional structure is well-to-do to understand and self-defining. The whole statement is base on a condition and its veracity. When the statement or test is found to be true, a statement is executed, and if it is false, another(prenominal) test is given or t he program continues to the next handicap. Conditional structures include the simple, two-alternative, multi-alternative, and non-deterministic conditional. The simple conditional is the easiest to understand being the IF-THEN statement. if *Boolean expression* accordingly *block of statements* IF a condition is met THEN execute a statement. The two-alternative conditional or IF-ELSE is also easy to understand.if *Boolean expression* so *block of statements* else *block of statements* IF a condition is met execute a statement ELSE the condition was not met so execute a different statement. The multi-alternative conditional is very close to the two-alternative conditional. if *condition-1* then *statement-block-1* elseif *condition-2* then*statement-block-2*elseif *condition-n* then *statement-block-n* else *statement-block-(n+1)* end ifThe IF question is asked about a statement, and if it is not true, the next statement is examined. If statement number two is not true, t he next statement is examined then the next statement is examined and so forth until a condition is met, and the inhibit is carried out of the multi-alternative conditional. The non-deterministic conditional is similar to the multi-alternative conditional, because it has multiple conditionals. if *condition-1* &61614 *statement-sequence-1*when *condition-2* &61614 *statement-sequence-2*when *condition-n* &61614 *statement-sequence-n* end ifThe reason multi-alternative and non-deterministic conditionals are different, stems from the set off of programs control or flow. The non-deterministic conditional tests each statement to see if its condition is met whereas the multi-alternative conditional only tests statements until one of the conditions is met. After one of the conditions is met, the multi-alternative conditional releases the program control and fails to check anymore statements.

Transportations Impact on Our World Essay -- Exploratory Essays Resea

Transportations Impact on Our World Methods of window pane hasten always occupied a true niche in society. Beyond their obvious practical consumption, transports from horses to speed boats to sports cars embody the romance and intrigue of travel. However, beyond the obvious effect low fuel-efficiency standards have had on pollution in the United States and elsewhere, the environmental impacts of transit are rarely taken into account. Advances in transportation have had two main effects on the environment. Technological advances in transportation are some of the direct reasons behind particulate emissions, global warming and other pollution problems of the industrial age. In addition, transportation has neutralized barriers to diffusion across the world, ensuring the spread of innovation, technology and disease around the world.As transportation has become more mechanized, and as we have increased our use of fossil fuels to support that mechanization, its effects on the environme nt have become transcend. As Al Gore clearly stated, he believes that the internal combustion locomotive was the worst invention humans ever made. From an environmental standpoint, he has something of a point, albeit a rather misguided one. As of yet advances of transportation have had the berth effect of large amounts of pollution. I say side effects not to degrade the seriousness of the pollution that we spew out daily, but simply because I doubt very seriously whether engineers planned or were in any way aware of the possible implications their inventions would have. However that does not mitigate the damage their creations have caused. Shipbuilding in the middle ages led to the deforestation of massive amounts of Europe, Britain, and parts of the U... ...uest to South America. His advantage in ships shaped the future of Latin America. Global transportation opens the door to more than technology. The diffusion of disease has also depended on the advantages transportation prov ides. As Europeans expanded beyond their cold dreary continent, they unfortunately brought their disease with them. Smallpox, measles, influenza, typhus, and the bubonic plague were all introduced from Europe to the Americas, leading to massive deaths in the native population. Even today, as the threat of Sars (severe acute respiratory syndrome) spreads rapidly from Hong Kong, it is clear that transportation has more effects beyond merely moving from place to place. Considering the effects it has had in the past and continues to have today, its importance and the emphasis we place on its efficiency and pollution can have global consequences.

Feminists, Stereotypes and Stereotyping in the Media Essay -- Feminism

Feminists and Media Stereotypes The media portrays feminists in unflattering ways. Largely because of the media portrayal, the word feminist usually evokes images of crass, butch, men-hating, very masculine women. Many women believe in the feminist doctrine, but they would never mean themselves as a feminist because they cannot relate to the images of crass, butch, men-hating, masculine women. In fact, it has only been within the past year that Ive been able to accept the fact that I am a feminist and that my preconceived images of feminists ar merely media stereotypes. Im now able to admit I care more about my own rights than whether or not someone will assume I fit the media stereotype of a feminsit. Feminism is the belief in the social, political, and economic contactity of the sexes. One doesnt have to hatred men, refuse to wear dresses, or be homosexual to be a feminist. Feminism isnt about male bashing, but rather about equality. Now I can (and do) admit freely that Im a feminist. People may hark back that means Im lesbian. They may think that means I hate men. They may think I have some sort of secret agenda. They can be as misinformed or stereotypical as they chose, I just want equal rights. Yet now I have to wonder why those stereotypes exist and where they stemmed from. Were early feminists butch man haters? No. Early accounts from women and men of the m prove otherwise. * ... the 1848 Seneca Falls convention for a female Bill of Rights provoked editorials about unsexed women...which insinuated that they had become activists because they were too repulsive to find a husband....These women are entirely devoid of personal attractions....When a supporter, Senato... ...lifetimetv.com/shows/specials/changingface/illusions2.html Life Time Entertainment Services. 2000 Changing facial gesture of Beauty Models http//www.lifetimetv.com/shows/specials/changingface/models.html Life Time Entertainment Services. 2000 Changing Face of Beauty Views. Sela Ward http//www.lifetimetv.com/shows/specials/changingface/views5b.html Life Time Entertainment Services. 2000 Changing Face of Beauty Views. Maricia Gillespie http//www.lifetimetv.com/shows/specials/changingface/views.html Life Time Entertainment Services. 2000 Douglas, Susan J. Where the Girls Are Growing Up young-bearing(prenominal) with the Mass Media. New York Random House Publishing, 1994, 278. Starr, Bernard. IT AINT JUST PAINTAGING AND THE MEDIA http//www.longevityworld.com/justpaint.html. 1997 Wolff, Naomi. The Beauty Myth. New York Doubleday Publishing, 1991

Feminists, Stereotypes and Stereotyping in the Media Essay -- Feminism

Feminists and Media Stereotypes The media portrays feminists in unflattering ways. Largely because of the media portrayal, the word feminist usually evokes images of crass, butch, men-hating, very masculine women. some women believe in the feminist doctrine, but they would never consider themselves as a feminist because they cannot relate to the images of crass, butch, men-hating, masculine women. In fact, it has only been within the ago year that Ive been able to accept the fact that I am a feminist and that my preconceived images of feminists are merely media stereotypes. Im now able to admit I care more approximately my own rights than whether or not someone will assume I fit the media stereotype of a feminsit. Feminism is the belief in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes. One doesnt have to hate men, refuse to wear dresses, or be homosexual to be a feminist. Feminism isnt about male bashing, but rather about equality. Now I can (and do) admit freely that Im a feminist. People whitethorn think that means Im lesbian. They may think that means I hate men. They may think I have some sort of secret agenda. They can be as misinformed or stereotypical as they chose, I just want equal rights. Yet now I have to wonder why those stereotypes exist and where they stemmed from. Were early(a) feminists butch man haters? No. Early accounts from women and men of the time prove otherwise. * ... the 1848 Seneca Falls convention for a female Bill of Rights provoked editorials about unsex women...which insinuated that they had become activists because they were too repulsive to find a husband....These women are entirely devoid of personal attractions....When a supporter, Senato... ...lifetimetv.com/shows/specials/changingface/illusions2.html life-time Time Entertainment Services. 2000 Changing tone of Beauty Models http//www.lifetimetv.com/shows/specials/changingface/models.html Life Time Entertainment Services. 2000 Changing Face of Be auty Views. Sela Ward http//www.lifetimetv.com/shows/specials/changingface/views5b.html Life Time Entertainment Services. 2000 Changing Face of Beauty Views. Maricia Gillespie http//www.lifetimetv.com/shows/specials/changingface/views.html Life Time Entertainment Services. 2000 Douglas, Susan J. Where the Girls Are Growing Up Female with the Mass Media. unsanded York Random House Publishing, 1994, 278. Starr, Bernard. IT AINT JUST PAINTAGING AND THE MEDIA http//www.longevityworld.com/justpaint.html. 1997 Wolff, Naomi. The Beauty Myth. New York Doubleday Publishing, 1991

Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Inc Case-Study

Almost every aspect of the complexity of the merger brush off be explained with Rhone-Poulencs fiscal constraints. RPs motives to acquire Rorer were to cook crucial capital for its own strategic entry into pharmaceuticals. RP could not buy Rorer either in currency or dole outs due to the fol diminisheding factors First, RP had limited expertness to give in with take ined property. The caller was more levered than other firms in the industry. Rhone-Poulenc didnt pauperism to borrow totally the immediate hire because it would cast off affected in a ban way to its balance sheet despite the fact that it borrowed for the funds portion of the deal.Second, Rhone-Poulenc couldnt pay with internally reelectd cash because, during the announcement time, RP was a net cash user in connection with its great capital spending requirements and the recession felling on chemicals marketplaces. Third, RP could not pay with debt securities. It is logical that if the company was too hig hly levered to borrow and pay in cash, it was too highly levered to swap debt securities for sh atomic number 18s. Fourth, Rhone-Poulenc could not pay with RP green shares or with cash raised from selling equity.A deal base on shares would not ca-ca been approved by old share pallbearers because the deal would permit diluted the jimmy of one-on-one shares and it would nominate not been profitable because the RPs management believed the companys share harm was undervalued. Rhone-Poulenc could not offer measurement common stock because it didnt incur any, so it had to offer altogether nonvoting certificate of investment as a state-owned company as it was.2. In struggle of Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Inc, the shareholders of Rorer start outd a CVR that enabled them to receive additional gains from the possible shortfall of the future stock harm and to persuade the Rorer shareholders to continue as the minority equity investors in the Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Inc. Rhone-Poulenc cou ld not pay with RP common shares or with cash raised from selling equity. A deal based on shares would not carry been approved by old shareholders because the deal would give birth diluted the value of individual shares and it would have not been profitable because the RPs management believed the companys share price was undervalued.Rhone-Poulenc could not offer standard common stock because it didnt have any, so it had to offer only nonvoting certificate of investment as a state-owned company as it was. 3. The assumption is that RP is not going to use its right to extend the maturity of the CVRs, and they are thus expiring in July 31, 1993. We have used the binomial tree to value the CVRs as a put option. The value of a CVR is thus $5. 54, and the aggregate value is $231. 64 million. Secondly, we have calculated the value of the CVRs in August 1991, assuming this is the ensure when the suit of clothes was written.In addition, I am still assuming that RP isnt going to extend th e maturity. Ive used almost the same method as in the anterior calculation and the value of a CVR is $2. 78, and the aggregate value is thus $116. 34 million. 4. The investor can see the offering quite a attractive. This is due to the fact that they straight off have limited their downside risks with the put option. This means the minority have an effective hedge against the possibility of failure of the upcoming merger. Rhone-Poulenc managed to entice all the shareholders of the acquired Rorer with its somewhat complicate three-stage transaction.The initial tender offer and giving the rights to control RPs HPB was attractive replete for Rorer to accept the deal. The Contingent Value Rights gave the minority shareholders the rights they thought were valuable enough to fill the deal. Rorer believed that the whole package was indeed worth of $36. 50 per share. Rorer benefited from the announcement of this deal and gained about $632 million in new value. However, RPs non-voting c ommon shares rock-bottom 4. 4 percent, or $175 million, in value. The fact is, all in all, that RP has a huge liability due to the CVRs.In the worst case scenario, the share price go below $26. 00 and the liability would thus be ($49. 13 $26. 00) * 41. 8 million = $966. 83 million, which is the maximum amount of RPs liability. The maximum liability was perfectly hedged, providing RP a delta neutral position. Extra. RP would prefer the share price to stay higher(prenominal) than $49. 13 until 1993, and $53. 06 until 1994. This is because in these cases RP would not be obliged to pay CVR-holders the cash payments. Thus if the share price would be higher than $49. 13 in the expiration determine of the CVRs, RP would not extend the maturity of the Contingent Value RightsIntroduction A merger between Rorer Group, Inc and the Human Pharmaceutical Business (HPB) of Rhone-Poulenc (RP) S. A. generated a major multinational pharmaceutical company, Rhone-Poulenc Rorer (RPR) on July 31, 19 90. The expectations concerning blast everywhere of Rorer had aroused in the late 1980s when the considerably low cash balance and rising level of debt seemed to slow down its strategy of growth by acquisitions. The rumors had reassurance in 1989 when Rorer made a bid to take over the pharmaceutical business of A. H. Robins and lost the opportunity.Just a short time after this, the $3. 2 one thousand million merger of Rorer and RP was announced. A year later the company had shown rapid post-merger integration and initial synergy gains. RP had practically no position in the United States and Japan, but on the other great deal it had a strong market share in some European Community markets. Thanks to Rorers U. S. connections, the new company ranked among the top three in Europe and had ameliorate its position in the United States. Rorers Robert Cawthorn continued as RPRs CEO and almost all the new senior executives came from Rhone-Poulenc.The markets expected RP to slowly take o ver the company because it owned 68% of RPRs shares. The French government owned 100% of Rhone-Poulencs voting common stock. RP was the seventh largest chemical shaper in the world and it gave the minority shareholders a contingent value right (CVR) that promised to pay them on July 31, 1993, any shortfall between $49. 13 and the then accustomed stock price. Rorer Goup, Incs main factor in its growth strategy had been a program of acquisitions, because sales growth in the companys real crossroad lines was characterized as mature.As usual, there were several skeptics associated to this merger. They were worried about the cultural integration and independence. The skeptics pointed out the company is French, yet the management team is mainly American, they have a American-style mission statement (Our Mission is to become the BEST pharmaceutical company in the world by dedicating our resources, our talents, and our energies to help improve human health and the quality of life of pe ople throughout the world) and the lack of interest of the American executives to learn French. The market outlook for the industry wasnt favorable for the company.The apostrophize of new-product development in the industry was rising and yet the number of new drug applications worldwide had fallen. It was also predicted that the governments would get tougher on the cost of drugs in an effort to slow down rapidly rising health costs. Other risks to consider were patent expiration and competition from low-priced generic drug manufacturers and decreasing product life cycles. In turn, the world population was aging, analysts noted that computers and biotechnology were aiding new-product development and different analysts recommended to buy the RPRs stock on the long term. . The $3. 2 billion merger was consummated in a three-stage transaction, by which Rhone-Poulenc obtained 68% of Rorers common stock (91. 6 shares), which was enough to permit Rhone-Poulenc to consolidate Rorers resul ts for financial reporting. First, Rhone-Poulenc would tender for 50. 1% (43. 2 million shares) of Rorers common stock for $36. 50 cash per share. Rhone-Poulenc increased its debt/capital ratio to 45% by espousal the funds to finance the tender offer. The debt/capital ratio was considerably high compared to its competitors ratio of 20-30%.Second, Rorer assumed $265 million of RP debt (guaranteed by RP), made a $20 million cash payment to RP, and issued 48. 4 million new common shares to RP in exchange for RPs HPB division. Analysts believed that Rorers bylaws would require at least 85% of all shares be voted in favor of the issuance of new shares and, more generally, of this entire transaction. Third, Rhone-Poulenc issued the 41. 8 million CVRs to the remaining minority shareholders in Rorer. A CVR entitled the holder to the right, at the end of three years (July 31, 1993) or four years, at RPs option, to a cash payment of US$49. 13 (or $53. 6 if the payment were made at the end of four years) reduced by the higher of the value of the RPR share at that date or $26. Thus, if the value of the RPR share exceeded $49. 13 (or $53. 06), there would be no payment. The maximum amount of RPs liability on December 31, 1990, was 5 165 million French francs at the date of the issuance of the rights. The maximum amount of RPs liability at the date of issuance was hedged. Any changes in the value of the CVRs resulting from fluctuations in exchange rates, as substantially as the amortization of the cost of the hedge, were recorded directly into the consolidated equity of RP.The CVRs were quoted on the American roue Exchange and traded independently of the shares of EPE, which were listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Rorer and RP jointly released its own estimate of the package value of CRV and minority share in RPR to be worth $36. 50 and thus equal to the price at which RP was offering for shares of RPR. Rorers investors responded positively to the merger arrangements. Rorer shares increased by 28% net of the changes in the Standard & Poors 500 index over the week during the week of the announcement. This gain equaled about $632 million in new value.Simultaneously, RPs nonvoting common shares lost 4. 4% net of market during the announcement week, or about $175 million. Almost every aspect of the complexity of the merger can be explained through Rhone-Poulencs financial constraints. RPs motives to acquire Rorer were to create crucial capital for its own strategic entry into pharmaceuticals. RP could not buy Rorer either in cash or shares due to the following factors First, RP had limited ability to pay with borrowed cash. The company was more levered than other firms in the industry.Rhone-Poulenc didnt want to borrow all the cash because it would have affected in a negative way to its balance sheet despite the fact that it borrowed for the cash portion of the deal. Second, Rhone-Poulenc couldnt pay with internally generated cash because, during th e announcement time, RP was a net cash user in connection with its great capital spending requirements and the recession felling on chemicals markets. Third, RP could not pay with debt securities. It is logical that if the company was too highly levered to borrow and pay in cash, it was too highly levered to swap debt securities for shares.Fourth, Rhone-Poulenc could not pay with RP common shares or with cash raised from selling equity. A deal based on shares would not have been approved by old shareholders because the deal would have diluted the value of individual shares and it would have not been profitable because the RPs management believed the companys share price was undervalued. Rhone-Poulenc could not offer standard common stock because it didnt have any, so it had to offer only nonvoting certificate of investment as a state-owned company as it was.The form of the deal solved Rhone-Poulencs financial problems and it made possible for the firm to generate capital for its hum an pharmaceutical business and raise equity via obtaining Rorers shareholders to remain as minority equity investors in the Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Inc. It would be natural to RP to want to issue equity for part of the deal but for the reasons mentioned above, it could not do so. 2. Contingent Value Right (CVR) is a type of right given to shareholders of an acquired company that ensures them to receive additional benefit if a specified event occurs.CVRs are handy tools that may help deal makers surmount challenging deal be after problems. The use of CVRs is relatively rare, but they are useful when the seller company is seeking protection for the remaining minority shareholders who might be vulnerable to partial treatment by the acquirer, the sellers board may be concerned the buyers share price may not hold on its value if the deals projected synergies are not achieved, the integration is not smooth, or the buyers legacy business does not realize as expected.In case of Rhone-Poule nc Rorer, Inc, the shareholders of Rorer received a CVR that enabled them to receive additional gains from the possible shortfall of the future stock price and to persuade the Rorer shareholders to continue as the minority equity investors in the Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Inc. Rhone-Poulenc could not pay with RP common shares or with cash raised from selling equity. A deal based on shares would not have been approved by old shareholders because the deal would have diluted the value of individual shares and it would have not been profitable because the RPs management believed the companys share price was undervalued.Rhone-Poulenc could not offer standard common stock because it didnt have any, so it had to offer only nonvoting certificate of investment as a state-owned company as it was. Shareholders selling their Rorer shares to Rhone-Poulenc were paid in three forms. They received totaling $1. 7 billion, shares in Rhone-Poulenc Rorer and CVRs. If, at the end of three years, the RPR shar e price did not exceed $98, Rhone-Poulenc had to pay CVR holders the difference between the share price and $98, to an upper limit of $46 per CVR.If the RPR share price was below $52 on August 1, 1993, RP would have to pay the CVR holders $1 billion (in FRF over 5 billion). By the end of 1991, the price of the CVR had fallen by 4/5 of its value. Its shoemakers last at under $1 reflected the good performance of the group. RP took the opportunity to buy all the CVRs it had been offered. During the first year after issue, the group gathered in 20. 7 million CVRs, half the total number issued. 3. The assumption is that RP is not going to use its right to extend the maturity of the CVRs, and they are thus expiring in July 31, 1993.We have used the binomial tree (Exhibit A) to value the CVRs as a put option. The value of a CVR is thus $5. 54, and the aggregate value is $231. 64 million. I have assumed risk-free rate of 8. 20 percent, which is the yield of a 3-year U. S. Treasury note. Th e standard deviation was given, 18 percent, and we have used it to calculate u and d enabling me to calculate p also. We have used $36. 50 as S(0). Secondly, we have calculated the value of the CVRs in August 1991, assuming this is the date when the case was written. In addition, we are still assuming that RP isnt going to extend the maturity.We have used almost the same method as above (Exhibit B) and the value of a CVR is $2. 78, and the aggregate value is thus $116. 34 million. Only difference is that we used 0. 172 (=0,18*(SQRT(11/12)) as standard deviation, since there is not full year until maturity. We have used 8. 09 percent as the risk-free rate, which is the yield of a 2-year Treasury note. The share price in August 1, 1991 was $45. 75, which is the value of S(0) in my calculations. As we can see, the value of the CVR is considerably smaller in the latter case, due to the decrease in the time value of the put option. 4. The investor can see the offering quite attractive.Th is is due to the fact that they now have limited their downside risks with the put option. This means the minority have an effective hedge against the possibility of failure of the upcoming merger. The investors are receiving a cash payment of $49. 13 (or $53. 06 in the case of RP extending the maturity) minus the then prevailing share price or $26. 00. In one hand their shares can gain possible extra value and in the other they have a limit for the possible losses. Rhone-Poulenc managed to entice all the shareholders of the acquired Rorer with its somewhat complicated three-stage transaction.The initial tender offer and giving the rights to control RPs HPB was attractive enough for Rorer to accept the deal. The Contingent Value Rights gave the minority shareholders the rights they thought were valuable enough to close the deal. Rorer believed that the whole package was indeed worth of $36. 50 per share. Rorer benefited from the announcement of this deal and gained about $632 millio n in new value. However, RPs non-voting common shares decreased 4. 4 percent, or $175 million, in value. The fact is, all in all, that RP has a huge liability due to the CVRs.In the worst case scenario, the share price falls below $26. 00 and the liability would thus be ($49. 13 $26. 00) * 41. 8 million = $966. 83 million, which is the maximum amount of RPs liability. The maximum liability was perfectly hedged, providing RP a delta neutral position. This is possible through adjusting the ratio of CVRs and RPR equity, in the case of price changes of these CVRs. Extra question RP would prefer the share price to stay higher than $49. 13 until 1993, and $53. 06 until 1994. This is because in these cases RP would not be obliged to pay CVR-holders the cash payments.Thus if the share price would be higher than $49. 13 in the expiration date of the CVRs, RP would not extend the maturity of the Contingent Value Rights. I have calculated the value of the CVRs in case the maturity is extended until 1994. The calculations are in the Exhibit C, and the value of a CVR is thus $5. 57 and the aggregate value is $232. 89 million. In 1993, if the share price is S(uud) = $43. 70, the CVRs maturity might be extended, because now there would be a possibility of the share price to increase to $52. 32 and the extension would have been preferable.

Kubla Khan – C. A

Sometimes, a poem is celebrated non for the story it tells, nevertheless for how it is told. Some poems ar famous simply because of the way they are told the elaborate, vivid language used to describe places and sights. Kubla caravansary or A Vision in a Dream by Samuel Taylor Coleridge is one such poem. Written in 1798, it is a poem that uses intricate language to portray a vision or dream that Coleridge had. Coleridge claimed that the poem was written in an opium-induced haze, which is something that can be implied by the poems subtitle, A Vision in a Dream.This poem is essentially about null it is enthralling due to its language and feeling rather than any specific message. The lines of the poem Kubla Khan sound like a chant and helps suggest mystery, supernatural, and privy themes. The language used is expressive enough that you can yourself envision the place Coldridge dreamed of. It is a lyrical poem in four stanzas, told in iambic pentameter. In the first two lines, Cole ridge describes the pleasure dome in Xanadu. In Xanadu did Kubla Khan a stately pleasure dome decree Kubla Khan did not merely order, but decree that a stately pleasure dome be built.This dome is evidence of how unnatural or unreal the place of Xanadu is it has a principle who ignores the unpleasantness that can be found in life. He uses his vocabulary to challenge and tease the imagination into seeing what he saw in his dream. In Xanadu, there are not small streams, but sinuous rills and wall and towers do not enclose the gardens but are girdled round. Coleridges use of language helps to fix and interrupt the termination of his imagination. In the poem Kubla Khan, imagery is also important for Coleridge to show his imagination to the reader.There are images of paradise throughout the poem that are combined with references to darker, more evil places such as hell. On example of this is the demon lover that has bewitched the woman. Coleridges image of the dome of pleasure is mysti cal, contradicting the restrictions of realism. The structure of Kubla Khan is really in two detonates. The first, describes Xanadu as if Coleridge is actually there, experiencing the place first hand. The second part of the poem is filled with longing and a strong ask to be in Xanadu, but Coleridge is unable to capture the experience again.It begins with a definite rhythm and beat and describes the beauty of Xanadu with rich and strong images. The second part is that it depicts the violence of life outside of the pleasure dome and even mentions the threat of war. It is proven that beauty and danger cannot be separated from each other, despite what the ruler Kubla Khan wants. The fourth stanza is when the poem no longer describes Xanadu, but Coleridges desire for control over his imagination, to be able to recall the feelings and ideas of Xanadu. This shows that even the ruler cannot shake off control over the forces of nature, and the writer over his imagination.Both parts of th e poem deal with the attempt to create. Kubla Khan has built a pleasure dome and Coleridge is try to use language to recreate the perfection of his dream with words. Coleridge was a very religious man and the poem is filled with references to God and other related ideas. Xanadu symbolizes the tend of Eden, and how it is beautiful and innocent, surrounded by evil and the constant threat of destruction. Coleridge describes the river as sacred many times throughout the poem, and to Xanadu as holy and enchanted. The demons described are closely related to witchcraft and the closing lines of Kubla Khan describe pagan rituals. Those rituals try to protect not only the reader, but also Coleridge himself from the forces of evil and the extent of his imagination. On the whole the poem presents a conjunction of pleasure and sacredness. At the end of the poem the poet is himself regarded as a holy and sacred person, a seer acquainted with the mystery of life, with his flashing eyes and wavi ng hair, he is considered fed of the dew and honey and is believed to drink the milk of paradise.In the light of the above we can safely say that the poem is replete with all the qualities of Coleridges poetry and is a living embodiment of supernaturalism, element of mystery, fertile imagination, dream quality, medievalism, love of Nature, meditative note, medicament and narrative skill which distinguish Coleridges poetry as the most complete representative of the English Romantic poetry of the early nineteenth deoxycytidine monophosphate and makes Kubla Khan a great poem and make it equal to his other two great poems, The Ancient Mariner, and Christable.

Good Soldiers Essay

Causes and Consequences In War and the Iliad, Simons Well and Rachel Bespangle offer opposing interpret editions of the use of physical force (force) against another person. The Good Soldiers considers force within the context of the Iraq War. In response to these texts, what question or questions do you have about the causes and consequences of force in coeval life, particularly in war?For our first major essay, pursue a line of inquiry that explores the problem of hysterical violence, particularly as it relates to our course texts. What leads us to use for CE? What are the consequences that follow from that choice? What role does society plan y In our willingness to hurt or kill others? Are soldiers, who submit paid to use force to rest Love conflict, heroes or victims in war? Offer these questions as examples of what you could study. Ultimately, you a responsible for the question that you decide to explore.My however restriction y our inquiry must relate to our course readings . Whatever question you decide to address, please incorporate at least two Of 0 our three authors into your essay. In addition, you must also incorporate at least five o outside sources, either in support of your position or to help clarify the thinking of 10th note that your are welcome to include anecdotes from your own life in your essay -? possibly in its introduction. propose that you use templates from They Say, I Say in your body appear aphis to summarize, to quote, and/ r to comment on your evidence.You are writing for an audience that is unfamiliar with our texts, so you will need to summarize the m as you present your case, where necessary. Beyond that, the essay must follow MEAL and variance formatting requirements. A shnorr rough draft is due on Tuesday, November 4. A seepage draft is due on Friday, November 7. The final draft is due at the beginning of class on Tuesday, November 1 1, and must be at least eight pages long not including y our Works Cited page.

Bloom’s Taxonomy Essay

Skill was ParsedIn this lick, children learn how to properly theatrical role descriptive words when describing themselves. Many lesson plans present students with colorful pictures to which they be supposed to apply descriptive words. However, some of the pictures rely on children to draw conclusions about three dimensional factors impossible to derive from a two dimensional, for example, deep water. Other exercises might be confusing for their ambiguity. If a child is given a picture of a barking dog labeled the dog has a loud bark, the child might become confused as to what they are being asked to identify, the dog or the bark.Children typically believe themselves to be the center of their own worlds for this reason, learning the use of adjectives by applying them to themselves makes the process easier for the children to apply the correct words to the correct subject. This pre-existing ability to come across themselves should en sufficient students to complete the exercise wit h relative ease, providing a foundation upon which to build early(a) real-life applications of adjectives. target area is ClearUsing an outline of the students tump over to provide structure to the exercise makes the project relevant to the individual child by connecting it to him- or herself while at the same time creating a equivalent outcome for all students. No student is able to (or forced to) achieve more than others, because with very rare exceptions, all children bedevil only four fingers and a thumb on each hand. Because they have been describing themselves for their entire lives, the objective of the lesson should become readily apparent to the students with only minor instruction needed.Assessment Linked to Objective Students are given multiple opportunities to accomplish the task provided to them. Each student can assess his or her own work by comparing it with what other students have accomplished in their own projects. The teacher can assess each students progress based upon the ease or trouble with which the student has accomplished the task based on the number of tries that it takes to complete the task and the appropriateness of the descriptive words chosen.Mental Strategy, Process or officeEach student go forth be guided into completing the entire task in a completely correct manner. This exercise, although simple to accomplish, uses several pedagogy strategies, since students are encouraged to use graphical tools (the handprints) to encourage thinking skills through applied learning.Assessment Task is not InertAlthough there is some possibility that a student might simply wait to copy what other students have done, based on the component of sharing their result in a round robin, most students should comply with the requirement to write about themselves. The exercise is organized to give students definitive feedback as to how it applies to themselves, both in the self-descriptive words and in the sentence that forces both a choice o f an appropriate word and the application of that word.Varied Examples/Transfer of LearningStudents apply this process to thinking about themselves, alternatively of thinking about a set of cartoons or pictures. Because it is already a real-world exercise, students should be able to transfer what was learned to other real-world situations.Opening Statement to StudentsToday, we have a chance to be artistic. First, youre all going to look at some pictures and tell me what you see. After that, youre going to have a chance to draw a picture and tell me about yourselves.Individual EvaluationThere is no right and wrong in this exercise, except for the use of adjectives over other words. Because students will be guided to describe themselves, there will be no correct adjectives over any others. However, all students will be guided to complete the exercise with the words they choose. Evaluation will be done on an individual basis, in damage of how many iterations of the exercise the student needed before the exercise was completed.Learning Probes/ Subskill(s)Students will be given learning probes in the first part of the exercise, when asking for descriptions of the pictures, such as how would you describe the womans hair or how would you describe the mans face? These questions should give the students an idea of what they should be thinking of describing in terms of themselves.Visual/Verbal Encoding This entire exercise pairs visual and verbal learning skills. Students are encouraged to view a picture or a photograph and to assign a word or words to what they are seeing. After they have learned to make the associations on pictures or photographs, they then are asked to continue making such associations on themselves. The picture in question, however, is only an abstract representation of themselves, for all that it represents them. Instead, they are asked to use their own concepts of their appearances in indian lodge to complete the exercise. This process requires t he student to extend what he or she has learned from a static external word picture to themselves and possibly to other living beings. gushs taxonomy This exercise covers a wide range of the concepts in the cognitive domain of Blooms Taxonomy. The student demonstrates knowledge by being able to describe an object and defining what is seen. He or she shows comprehension and application by being able to generalize the concept from images to him or herself. A trustworthy degree of analysis and evaluation is required to choose a descriptive word, which may also require some synthesis when confronted with a new image or item.ReferencesClark, D. (n. d.). Learning domains or Blooms Taxonomy. Retrieved 1 Jan 2008 from http//www.nwlink.com/donclark/hrd/bloom.html

Natural disasters are often not natural Essay

Natural disasters are very much not congenital disasters, merely are in fact compassionate disasters. Discuss this statement in relation to seismic events.The word natural indicates that humans have not actord the disaster. However, human activity faeces certainly interfere with nature, which in turn may either cause a natural disaster or piddle away its cause much worse. Earthquakes can affect pot in many different ways in countries all over the world. They are a product of yearning seismic activity where plates are interacting, at a destructive of transform faults, particularly leading to a build up of strain below the Earths surface. When this tension is released the buildings, bridges, pipes etc which lie in the line of the seismic waves can often not withstand the force and strain of the earthquakes and can potentially harm people. However is it the peoples fault that the earthquake occurred in the first place? Earthquakes induced by human activity have been documente d in a some locations in the YSA, Japan and Canada.The cause was injection of fluids into deep wells for waste disposal and secondary recovery of oil, and the use of reservoirs for water supplies. Most of these earthquakes however were minor. The largest and nearly widely known resulted from fluid injection at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal near Denver, Colorado. For decades scientists have been researching induced seismicity, or how human activity can cause earthquakes. Such a link gained attention in the early 1960s when hundreds of quakes were recorded in Colorado after the Army began injecting fluid into a disposal well. There are many ways human activity can trigger earthquakes. In the 1930s for example, the construction of Hoover Dam in Arizona unleashed a burst of seismic activity in the vicinity that reached a magnitude of 5 on the Richter scale. Geothermal- muscle projects have been known to crystallize the ground shake. This process involves pumping pressurised water a mil e into the Earth, then sucking up the heated liquid to make steam and drive turbines to generate electricity. A dike cannot cause an earthquake by itself. The risk factors, specifically unstable fault lines, have to be there already.With the right conditions in place, though, a dam can trigger the event earlier than would have happened naturally, and perhaps even increase its magnitude. Human engineering has been triggering earthquakes for more than half a century says da Vinci Seeber, professor at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, and manmade quakes may be more common than acknowledged. However Dr. Seeber says that distinguishing natural from triggered earthquakes is generally difficult he said Agents triggering the earthquake often refuse to admit responsibility and make it difficult to obtain the data that could prove it. Even a smell nidus increase can cause a fault to fail, Dr Seeber said humans tend to do it in two ways. One is by changing the load on the crust, typically wi th drippy lakes, which increase the load, and with quarries and oil fields, which decrease the load. The other ways is increasing the pressure of the interstitial fluid.This isnt to say that all earthquakes are caused by humans. They are typically natural occurrences. Theyre most often caused by the shifting of plates of rock under the surface od the earth. These plates move along fault lines, which are places where the differently solid rock of Earths crust has pushovered. When the plates slide against each other, or away from each other, the Earth vibrates violently. Less often, earthquakes are caused by natural occurrences like volcanic eruptions. But vibrations felt at the surface of the Earth can also result from Earth-shaking, manmade events like underground bomb testing and tap collapses. In conclusion, my view is for the most part, the accumulating stress that creates the stress build up until its great enough to overcome that friction, at which point seismic energy is r eleased violently as the blocks catch up on decades worth of motion in just a few seconds is much too large for human activities to make a difference.We can, however, affect the friction that locks up the fault. Hydraulic fracturing, where fluids are pumped into the ground at extremely high pressures to crack rocks that release natural gas and oil, has been shown to do just that in certain situations. Increasing the fluid pressure inside the fault partially de-stabilises the friction-lock, lowering the stress threshold necessary to trigger an earthquake just enough for one to occur. Despite the obvious negative effects that humans have on untimely causing an earthquake, the natural factors of the earthquake are fundamentally the reason they occur because without these then the earthquake wouldnt happen. Human impacts speed up and may make the earthquake worse however they are in fact natural disasters with human elements thrown into the equation.

Mms Renta a Car

M02_TURB7293_09_SE_WC02. 1. QXD 12/22/09 238 PM scalawag 1 W2 APPLICATION field of study W2. 1. 1 Part 1 The Intelligence stage ONLINE FILE W2. 1 THE MMS RUNNING CASE MMS Rent-a-Car, based in Atlanta, Georgia, has out bothows at major airports and cities through and throughout pairing America. Founded by CEO Elena Markum several years ago, it has seen fast growth over the past a couple of(prenominal) years, mainly beca c entirely it offers quality service, fast, at convenient locations. MMS is highly competitive, fitting to offer machines at slightly lower range than its competitors because most of its airport facilities atomic number 18 located near besides not at the airport.A keen user of information systems, MMS trails competitors prices, stored in a large selective information w arhouse, through its Web-based enterprise information system portal, CLAUDIA (Come Learn About statUs for Deals and Information on Autos). CLAUDIA in any case tracks gross revenue, fleet sta tus, otherwise internal status information, and external information more or less the economy and its relevant components. CLAUDIA has been a great success in keeping MMS competitive. The kickoff Meeting Elena calls the meeting to order ELENA Thank you all for coming on such short notice. Im glad that we could schedule this meeting through our in the raw scheduling module of CLAUDIA.I sock you baffle all read my e-mail about our latest problemsales argon off by 10 percent. Basically, this will put us in the red for the year if it continues for another 4 months. CLAUDIAs forecasting system that links to our RMS (revenue management system) fates that sales will continue to decrease for the next 4 months, even after we adjust prices. Folks, whats going on? I urgency to grapple what has caused this problem, how we after part fix it, and how we slew prevent it from happening again. Aside from solving the problem, I want to develop some know guidege about it and use it as an luck to improve our business.MARLA Frankly, Elena, I dupet understand it I notice a slight dip in sales 2 months ago srailway carce was so busy with our new fleet acquisitions that I planned to go back and carry into what happened when I finished replacing the fleet later this week. I should contract passed word on to our analysts to withdraw hold a look back then. Sorry. ELENA No problem, Marla. I should bedevil sight it myself. Im glad you were at least aware and ready to lam on it. So, we fill evidence of a problem. What else do we have? S HARON My up-to-date reports from the travel industry shew that over the past 6 months there has been a slight increase in businessProblems Elena has called a meeting of her vice presidents to discuss a problem that she noticed yesterday while tapping into CLAUDIA. Rentals are off about 10 percent nationally from the MMS projections for last month. Furthermore, CLAUDIAs forecasts evoke that they will continue to decrease. Elena wan ts to know why. This morning, the following(a) VPs are present Sharon Goldman, Marketing (CMO) Michael Lee, Operations (COO) Marla Dana, Fleet Acquisitions (CFAO) Tonia van de Stam, Information Systems (CIO) Mark Lams, Knowledge Systems (CKO) Jelene Thompson, Accounting (CAO) Rose Franklin, Finance (CFO) 2-1M02_TURB7293_09_SE_WC02. 1. QXD 12/22/09 238 PM summon 2 2-2 Part II Computerized Decision Support overall. More hoi polloi are flying for business meetings, conventions, trade shows, and pleasure. And the alike(p) proportion of them is renting cars in North America. This is true for all of our primary marketsmajor cities and airportsbut not for our tributary markets in the smaller cities, where most term of a contracts are for business. Overall, business should be up. Vacation business is up quite a bit from the central Florida theme parks ad specials and major conventions. Both governmental party conventions were held in major cities.Data indicate that our rentals did n ot increase while the total market did. Our earlier forecasts indicated that business should have increased our rental rates reflect this, as does our increased fleet size, by 15 percent. The cars should be moving but theyre not ELENA How about the advertising impacts? ROSE Our financials indicate that we have been spending more on advertising in our primary markets. Yet those are where our sales are dropping fastest. JELENE I agree. Though our records were about 3 weeks behind, now they are up-to-date, and theyll stay up-to-date, thanks to our upgrade to CLAUDIA.Im looking at at the current data rectify now on our deposit wireless network, and were definitely down. ELENA Okay. Our advertising expenditures are up. Thats because we made that accept with GMC (Gold Motors Corporation). We just finished replacing our entire fleet with GMC cars and vans, right, Marla? MARLA Absolutely The cars are much more reli suitable and cheaper to maintain than the ones that had the transmission s burning out every 45,000 miles (72,000 km). These cars and vans are the national best-sellers, have great reputations, and are of high quality. They have the highest guard duty records in most categories.All of the standard models came in first subcompacts, compacts, mid-size, full-size, and minivans. About 6 weeks ago, we started getting in the hot new GMC roamer 1600 convertible. We have an exclusive deal on this hot puny number. It looks like the sporty 1971 Fiat Spider but is built to new quality standards. Its fun to drivethey let me have one for a year before we got the fleet in They are expensive, and GMC owns the domestic market. We should be able to rent these out all the time. We have 5 at each agency across the country, and by years end we should have 10.SHARON We got an exclusive with them for the next 3 years. They only pose the fleet discount to us, we feature their cars in our advertising, and they feature us in theirs. And the Spider came to us right off the n ew assembly line in Pittsburgh. ELENA I have one of the Spiders, too. So I suspect that theyre constantly rented out, arent they? MICHAEL Well, no. Only about half of them are rented. The rental rates were supposed to be set pretty high, but our RMS recommends setting it at the same price as a compact. We hedged a little and set the price to about 10 percent higher.Some local agency offices are overriding the system and setting the prices 15 percent less, and they still bungholet move them. ELENA How about the other classes of cars? MICHAEL Rentals are down about 8 percent nationally on all the other ones. E LENA So sales are down 8 percent for everything but the Spider, and the Spider, which should be a hot seller, is off by 50 percent. I know from CLAUDIA that our document is okay. All the new cars came in on schedule, and we were able to sell the used cars through electronic auction sites and carmax. com. Folks, we definitely have a big problem.M ICHAEL As COO, I see that th is is primarily my problem, though all of you here are involved. Weve never had this happen before, so I substantially fagt know how to classify the problem. But I think we can get at most of the information we remove. This situation is only a symptom of the problem. We penury to locate the cause so we can correct the problem. I want some time to get my analysts and Tonias moving on it. I will extremity some major help from Sharons people, M02_TURB7293_09_SE_WC02. 1. QXD 12/22/09 238 PM Page 3 Chapter 2 Decision Making, Systems, Modeling, and Support 2-3 and belike a bit from everyone else.Sharon and I talked before the meeting. We both have a feeling that there is something wrong with how we are marketing the new cars, but we dont have enough information just yet to identify it. I hope that erstwhile we solve this problem, well have a nice gash of strategic knowledge for Mark to put into the knowledge management system (KMS). Ill tentatively schedule a meeting through CLA UDIA next week, as close to this time as possible, depending on peoples previous commitments. Ill e-mail the major results as we go. Im sure well know something before the next meeting. ELENA Thanks, Michael.Okay, folks We know we have a serious problem. Weve seen its effects. Michael will assume monomania and move ahead. I besides want our IS analysts looking at data even before anyone requests them. That includes any weird stinting trends or eventsand look at the underlying structure and parameters of our forecasting models, okay, Tonia? Sharon, you look into the advertising. get a line if there are any external events or trends or reports on the cars that could affect our rentals. The RMS has been accurate until now. Its been able to balance price, supply, and exact, but something happened.Thank you all and have a great day. APPLICATION CASE W2. 1. 2 Part 2 The Design Phase Later on the day of the first meeting, Michael Lee has his decease analyst, Stephanie Elberson, look i nto what might have happened. Michael recognized that it was too early to start looking into criteria, solutions, and more (he had studied decision making in a DSS by nature in his MBA program). He was still trying to understand the problem and separate the problem that could be breakd from the symptoms. He wanted to make the connection between the two, but he felt that something was fundamentally wrong, and CLAUDIA could ot identify it. A good decision maker relies on judgment and has a good feel for what makes smell and what does not. Michael is one of the best. Stephanie put together a squad of analysts and started formulating areas to investigate. One member of the team, Dot Frank, worked closely with Sharons analyst, Phil Abrams, to establish the accuracy of the forecasting model. Amy Lazbin, on Stephanies team, looked into databases of operational data available internally and economic data available through subscription services. The latter data focused on the auto rental , automobile, and general economic areas.The analysis team initially set the data mining tools on automatic to establish relationships in the data. For the most part, Amy was able to verify most of the relationships and assumptions that were already in the forecasting models and the RMS. Nothing new popped up from the artificial neural networks, clustering analysis algorithms, and statistical regression models. The pricing model and the forecasting models were all right, though there were some new fluctuations, and the errors were higher when the team looked into how well they had performed over the past 2 months as this new problem arose.The team noticed that the neural networks outperformed the regression-based systems a bit, so they set up an information system and marketing group to look into how they could improve the regression-based models with neural networks. (This was a new opportunity, which led them to return to the intelligence phase with a new set of issues. ) Stephani e was puzzled. She met with Michael 2 days later to discuss what she was going to do next. She also invited the marketing team and the IS team to each send someone to the meeting. Phil Abrams and Marina Laksey (from IS) joined the team at this point.The meeting was held in the electronic meeting center (EMC), where they would be able to analyze data and use the group support system (GSS). Heres how the meeting went STEPHANIE Thank you all for coming today. As you know, we are working terrible on the problem or rather the symptomsto try to get to the heart of the problem. Data mining tools helped M02_TURB7293_09_SE_WC02. 1. QXD 12/22/09 238 PM Page 4 2-4 Part II Computerized Decision Support a bit, but there is something fundamentally wrong, and we have yet to find it. Any ideas?MARINA Stephanie, we used the data mining tools and looked at most, if not all, of the data we normally look at. And we usually look at standard views through our spreadsheet-type interface. I know we have to look outside the box. First off, the four of us need to fire up our new, powerful OLAP (online analytical processing) software, DOT (Data on Time). It taps into our data warehouse and other data, but it goes beyond data mining by allowing us to poke about in the data. We just got the software in 2 weeks ago, and I have already gone through the training course.It has numerous of the features that CLAUDIA has, but it allows us to look into multidimensional data from any of our data sources in any undercut we choose. It also lets us link into other databases and data marts like the one that marketing has. allow me start it up PHIL I agree. I learned how to use the OLAP software on my own, and Ive developed some interesting views of our marketing data that show relationships we did not believe possible. The graphics are almost automatic. Lets try it The team saw the bumps in the data but had no idea what had caused them. At least they could see them.When they tapped into the adve rtising plans, they noticed a slight inverse relationship with sales and advertising. When they asked Phil about it, he said PHIL gross sales dropped 2 weeks after our new jointmarketing campaign began. We heavily advertised the new cars. Every national and local TV commercial prominently displayed the Spider. We have data on that in our marketing databases. I know you dont normally look at that. Here, let me bring them up. Hmmm We show how much air time each commercial played where, and what was in them. Let me do a little slicing and aggregating here. Aha I see. We are mostly advertising the cars nationally.Sales are very weak in primary markets, but theyre also a bit weak in secondary markets. Ah Ah Ah One problem we have is distribution. We have over half the cars in the wrong places. We need to move all the Spiders from the secondary markets to the primary markets. But I think we have another problem The pricing, supply, and demand data that we are using to predict rentals don t make sense. The car officially has an insurance back seat, so it is a fourpassenger car. But youd be lucky to get a carryon bobby pin back there. Since we didnt have data on it, someone in our group entered it as a four-seat compact with two doors.The system thinks it is a car ideal for a small family or a single businessperson on a budget. These rent well in the midwestern United States in the secondary markets but badly in the convention areas, where there are men who are going through their midlife crises and single women who like to rent sporty cars. We have a lot of analyses to do here on where we are advertising what. Im not sure who rents what where, but I suspect that we can target our ads pause once we determine our market clusterslike males in Nebraska, 45 years old, traveling to San Diego for trade conferences.We have the data we just need to apply them better. MICHAEL Hold on. Before I start moving cars around, we need to analyze this a bit more. Weve never had a car like the Spider, so we need to investigate its properties and which categories of customers would ideally want it. Part of the solution jumped at us. But what are we trying to do? If I remember correctly, a few years ago we ran a try before you buy promotion in conjunction with our previous car supplier. People could rent our excess received on our off-days for half the rental rate for up to 3 days.If they bought the car from a dealer in the area, they got the rental price back. If not, they had fun with the car. It worked well. We noticed that people who liked the car they rented had a tendency to rent them again, especially in our primary markets. We have a lot to look into. I want to reassessment what we have. We know that our goal is to maximize net profit. This is clearly our principle of quality. We need to come up with criteria that describe the impact of alternatives and determine how they affect our bottom line. Our RMS sets prices so that we can ideally do that.We have some errors in our marketing database we must rethink how we advertise and how we distribute our stock. Okay. Ill meet with the VP team in a couple of days. Im going to e-mail them information about what weve uncovered and where to M02_TURB7293_09_SE_WC02. 1. QXD 12/22/09 238 PM Page 5 Chapter 2 Decision Making, Systems, Modeling, and Support 2-5 find the data. First Ill talk to Sharon so she can get busy with some ideas on marketing. At a Meeting 2 Days Later Same Place, Same People S TEPHANIE Good morning. Those of us in the trenches think weve got it Heres whats going on.We have several problems, each of which we have developed some alternatives for. Were going to discuss what we think are the best ones for each situation. Some we can implement right away others will take some time. Lets start with our objective to maximize profit. Our principle of option is profit maximization. This part of the problem was easy. Our RMS recognizes this and adjusts prices automatically to max imize profit on an annual basis. at that place are some errors in the price elasticity foreshorten for the Spider, but, in general, the genuine question now is how to manage demand.Our advertising influences demand, as does our inventory. We need for the right product to appeal to the right customers. There are many criteria that we need to measure, from quality to color to size, and customer service, car availability, and so on, in terms of how they affect rentals. We are doing this, but need to do a better job of it in order to track our rentals. We have a team analyzing this right now. In a few weeks, they will have some concrete recommendations for system upgrades to the RMS. Our symptoms indicate the following real problems and alternatives, among hich we can choose Data accuracy. We need to change the profile of the Spider from a compact to a sports car. We need to develop the RMS profile from what little data weve got. Fortunately, we can tap into market data that our fac ulty consultants at the University of Georgia (UGA) have gathered for us in their research. One of the faculty members drives a Spider as well. Inventory imbalance. We have done some analysis to determine what the real demand for the Spider is, how it affects the demand for other cars, and vice versa. We built an optimization model and solved it. Based on our urrent advertising, we have determined that by moving about 15 percent of our fleet around (and not too far), we can take care of most of the demand imbalance. We recommend moving all the Spiders from secondary to primary markets right away. We also want to move some of our minivans and full-size cars around. Later, we can adjust advertising to push some secondary market demand. Advertising imbalance. We advertise where our customers are, but they rent elsewhere, and for different reasons. We need to do a better job of identifying customer homes to determine what to advertise where.Our analysis shows rentals are off partly be cause we indicate that we have the Spider. Young to middle-aged men and single women want to rent it, but we stock out where they are going. For example, we discovered that middle-aged men and women from the Midwest rent compacts in the secondary Midwest markets, but those in the primary markets on the coasts want to rent the Spider. We are still analyzing effects like this and should be able to complete the work in about a week to determine how to realign our advertising efforts. Try before you buy. This actually is an opportunity, not a problem.When we saturate Spider demand in primary markets, we should get some additional Spiders in the secondary markets and reestablish the try before you buy campaign. This car will be a real boon in this effort. Sharons group has already established a cooperative agreement with GMC. Theyre interested, and it should rise our profitability on these cars by 18 percent. Discount substitutes. We discovered that many customers called or got on ou r Web site to rent the Spider. When they found out that we didnt have one for them, rather than rent a different car, many were so annoyed that they rented a car from one f our competitors, usually a Toyota MR-2. This happened in almost all of our primary markets. In our secondary markets, people really didnt want the Spider but instead wanted full-size cars. Because our advertising features the Spider, they forgot that we rent other cars as well. Actually, we forgot to remind them. Our advertising is backfiring on us. We should immediately M02_TURB7293_09_SE_WC02. 1. QXD 12/22/09 238 PM Page 6 2-6 Part II Computerized Decision Support discount substitutes for the Spider until we get the Spiders in place next week. Florida theme park demand.We have a unequalled opportunity here. Florida theme parks have been advertising heavily in europium because the euro is strong relative to the dollar. We must increase advertising in Europe either with the theme parks or separately. Phil is confident that we can run a joint campaign. Marketing will look into this and how we might be able to get customers to pay in advance in euros. To do this, we may need to move minivans to Florida from as far away as Tennessee. What it boils down to is that we want to be more aggressive in balancing our stock to meet demand and tie this into the RMS and advertising.We also want to refine our advertising model to supervise new types of cars, like sports cars, and update demand data more frequently. Michael, this is what we want to present to the VPs on Monday. Is that okay? MICHAEL Perfect We have identified the real problems and have good alternatives. I really appreciate the completed staff work. If this all works out, the end-of-the-year bonuses for this team should be excellent. Lets go have luncheon Im buying APPLICATION CASE W2. 1. 3 Part 3 The Choice Phase Mondays Meeting With All Vice Presidents, Stephanie, and Her aggroup ELENA Thank you again for coming.Stephanie, Michael tells me youre on to something. Lets hear what you have to say. STEPHANIE Well, we think weve discovered what to do. But first let me outline what the real problems are and some suggested solutions and why these are appropriate solutions. Next Stephanie essentially outlines the details from the meeting described in Part 2 of the Running Case. There is a little discussion to clarify a few points ELENA Amazing. Im glad Mark recommended acquiring DOT 3 months ago. Though expensive, its already paid off. Can you get me specifics on the bottom line for each alternative? STEPHANIE Not accurate ones for each just yet.Some will take up to a couple of weeks. We do have estimates on all of them. Here are the results in my PowerPoint presentation. ELENA Hmmm. Okay. I want those data on the Spider updated immediatelyand some of them locomote to where theyll rent. MARLA Its already done. I took steps right away once Michael told me what happened. After all, its my responsibility. I already gav e some updated data to IS. Theyve adjusted the RMS. Preliminary data indicate that they have improved our profitability already. In a couple of markets where it was relatively inexpensive, I have moved some cars around based on the DSS models recommendation.It worked I think we should make the major changes recommended by the solution to the model. My estimates, just from these few markets, are that it will work just as the model predicts. SHARON Were looking into how to modify our marketing and tie it into the RMS. Were also running models on how European marketing should work. Well know in a week what to do. ELENA Excellent Heres where we stand. Were going to adjust the profile data of the Spider and all models frequently, move cars around, and discount substitutes until we can get the imbalance fixed.Well decide on what to do about the other issues after the rest of the analysis is completed. M02_TURB7293_09_SE_WC02. 1. QXD 12/22/09 238 PM Page 7 Chapter 2 Decision Making, Syste ms, Modeling, and Support 2-7 APPLICATION CASE W2. 1. 4 Part 4 The Implementation Phase The implementation of the first couple decisions was relatively easy. Transport vehicles were rented, and cars were moved. Discounts were easy to establish for substitute cars because this could be done as routinely as when there was a normal stockout.A customer would first be offered the opportunity to upgrade. If the customer turned it down, the upgrade would be offered free. This worked 95 percent of the time, even in the case of the Spider. Sales were up, and the company was projected to be profitable with these small changes. Elena got the results of the additional analyses. They all made sense. She decided, with the advice of her VPs and the analysts, to go ahead with all the recommendations, but she held back on European marketing until a presence in Europe could be established in major markets.The try before you buy campaign would be started once there were 15 Spiders in each of most of t he major markets and 3 in each secondary market. She also approved adding new data and features to CLAUDIA. When the advertising effort was refined and tied to the RMS, profits soared. Every member of Stephanies team and all the VPs involved got a generous end-of-year bonus, an extra weeks vacation, and a gift of a free GMC Spider. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION MMS ran into new problems when it changed its fleet.CLAUDIA was not equipped to handle new cars that were unlike others from past experience, and it did not track events as well as trends. Simons (1977) four phases of decision making, along with feedback, were followed, even though the problems were not really identified in the first phase. palmy problem solving was ultimately accomplished using Web-based DSS. Case Questions 1. What is meant by a symptom versus a problem? Relate these ideas to the case. 2. Why is problem ownership so important? 3. Even though the problem was not identified at the end of the intelligence phase, what was? . How was the design phase performed in this case? 5. The choice phase seemed like a combination of design, choice, and implementation. Is this a problem? 6. The implementation phase seemed to involve elements of all the phases. Is this a problem? 7. How were new problems or opportunities handled as they arose? 8. Why do you suppose some alternatives were either modified or postponed? Source This fictional decision-making case is loosely based on several real situations. Thanks to Professor Elena Karahanna at the University of Georgia for inspiring it.

Miscarriages of Justice

Its a general problem non specific to the law of the United Kingdom a condemnable justice system characterized by an wildness on plague falsify rather than due edge will inevitably produce miscarriage of justice. In an imaginary world the law would al routes give the correct results but in a real world its the new(prenominal) way. When they dont which way do they tend to drift? Which way do we want to err? We want the law to err on the side of acquitting blameworthy muckle rather than convicting ones.It is generally accepted that the price of a fair Criminal Justice transcription will be acquittal on a technicality of those who contribute committed immoral offences or be sharpencase of a failure of tell, where as conviction of the righteous is never acceptable and should it arise speedy measures should be taken to rectify the injustice. The criminal law must be enforced efficiently by the agencies to constabulary the criminal law.There ar two main values that infl uence the criminal Justice System, the nuisance lead model which focuses to reposition society from crime and the due mathematical performance model which focuses on individual liberties to be protected. The crime control model ensures that a civilized society can protect all of its citizens from exploitation by criminals. But whether this has egested is questionable because when the Criminal Justice System is leaning more towards crime control in that respect is a chance of an innocent person being convicted of a crime he never committed thus forming a miscarriage of justice.In recent times countries like United Kingdom, the States, Canada and Ireland have tilted more towards crime control mainly because of the terrorist attacks that shook those nations. More everywhere the racial attitude in the jurisprudence and also in the society has led the crime control to be harsh on the society. The miscarriages that happen maybe due to discriminatory police practices, it may be due to incompetent scientific evidence or the over-reliance of the court on expert testimony. Where dislocates, made by those who have power indoors the process so this power when abused can have critical consequences.The protection of innocent remains natural to the process of justice and for many the sole purpose, it should not be absolute according to Ashworth (1998). The acquittal of iniquitous persons can also be seen as a miscarriage of justice. The process of justice is one mark by the use of agency and individual discretion, most notably by the police. Both the due process and crime control models allow for that discretion, although the former does seek legislative means for reducing its use and influence.The crime control model relies on presumption of guilt, the recognition that victims should have more rights than the accused, belief that prison and other punishment must be unpleasant in order to work, belief that sentences must be dogged to protect the public and b elief that keeping order on the street is more important than future(a) the letter of the law. The crime control model is about focusing the purpose of the Criminal Justice summons on the demands of the majority of citizens who are law immutable.It seems clear that the current Criminal Justice Process was intentional for the much lower aim of crime that existed in the past and is too bureaucratic, time consuming and uneffective to deal effectively with the sheer volume of crime that now exists. This system demands a high level of informal fact finding, the case is dealt with outside of the formal court setting as much as possible. The model rightly assumes that offenders rights are less important than victim rights and justice is for the majority of law abiding citizens not for the minority of repeat offenders.This model of justice accepts that there will be a a couple of(prenominal) aberrant cases where the innocent are convicted, but this is justified by the notion that cri me control irresistibly achieves the greater good for the majority. At the international level miscarriage of justice is the upshot of norms but its convey is imprecise. Lord Phillip and Brown presume the man on the street would define miscarriage of justice as the conviction of the innocent. It was stated in the Court of Appeal case of Exp.Bateman(1994) that man might define the name more broadly, to include those convicted when they should not have been. In countries the policing the law we see that more power has been vested in the police which is one reason for the crime control model to cause miscarriages of justice. Specially in America after the 9/11 terrorist attack the government has taken measures to prevent crimes as much as possible. The 9/11 attack not scarce influenced the government but influence the society to bear at people an a suspicious way.For example after the 9/11 attack a muslim person, with his beard and his dress code, walks in the street with a bag o n his hand or back, people look at him as if he is a terrorist with a bomb. This view of society should diverge for it is society that subjects the police and the government to undue pressure. In cc5 the terrorist attack in London (7/7) killed 56 people and 700 were injured. This was the largest and deadliest terrorist attack in London in history. It is clear that law enforcement agencies powers have increases with the statutes that have been implemented.The Terrorist spell 200 created a power to carry out blanket stop and searches. The Anti- Terrorism Crime and Security arrange 2001 introduced new powers for the Treasury to freeze terrorist funds and control orders on terrorist suspects can be imposed to a lower place the Terrorism Act 2005. The Terrorist Act 2006 gives police the power to detain terrorist suspects up to 28 days. Not only the acts gave the police powers but it always helped them misuse it. The natural law Reform Act 202 supplements existing police powers which draw the established trend towards broadening powers of law enforcement agencies and diluting the safeguards for the suspect.The war on terror is now a customary feature of crime prevention and detection in United Kingdom. Police appear to tour the streets in far greater numbers than they did prior to 9/11 and 7/7 attacks. More over there is an issue as to an ethnic minority in the law enforcement agencies. Local communities, where those being policed have felt for some years that powers possessed by the police have become too officious and are being used in a discriminatory way to target particular groups within the community.Research has shown that that B leave out and Asian people are more likely to be stopped under the supply of the Terrorism Act 2000 than white people. When police powers are increased for the protection of citizens from terrorist attack they need to be employed even more carefully to ensure that citizens do not become as dangerous to the police as they do to the terrorist attack. However increased powers of policing maybe necessary to contain the threat of terror and to ensure national security is maintained.Recent cases have showed that where police and other agencies have made a mistake or has been misused their powers there has been a miscarriage of justice. In Dabilola Taylors case it was observed how lack of techniques and skills on the part of the investigating officers resulted in bringing to justice who killed Dabilola. In Stephen Lawrence case it was proved that there was racism in the police force. In Confait it was revealed that the conviction based on confession had been made subject to oppression. JeanCharles de Menezes was shot by the Metropolitan Police armed forces who believed he was a terrorist but later bring out he was not. Moreover the changes that have been taken place within the statutes also may cause a miscarriage of justice. In Sam Hallams case the figures evidence was not unconformable with the earlier evidence. The long standing rule at common law was that where a witnesss testimony in court was inconsistent with a previous statement, it could not be interact as evidence as to the truth of its contents. Juries could not take account of the contents of such statements in reaching their verdict.This rule was changed by section 119 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 which now allows previous inconsistent statements to be admitted in evidence. Reforms and recommendations have been implemented to reduce the rate of crime and not let an innocent person be guilty of a crime he never committed. The Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996 came into force The CCRC is charged with reviewing convictions and sentences referring them to the appropriate court if it finds a real possibility that the court will arbiter a conviction unsafe or a sentence excessive.The CCRC covers England Wales and Northern Ireland and receive almost railyard new applications each year. One could say that th e implementation of the CCRC has been a big impact because it gives the proper result. The CCRC starting signal review was that of Derek Bentley where the Court of Appeal quashed the conviction unsafe, which was a victory for the commission but not for Derek Bentley, who was hung way back in 1953. The commissions do produce good result but the fact is that it takes a long time to deliver the goods.Many reforms have been implemented in recent years have eliminated or importantly reduced the number of wrongful convictions arising as a result of or permitted because of lax procedures, notably Police and Criminal Evidence Act and the rules on the disclosure of evidence by the Crown. According to Roskill report crime control strategies tend to stress towards The English System has been charactarised in some ways by the melt from crime control to due process over the last 15-20 years. It is notable that the society wants to be free of crime and also they need their liberties to be prote cted but it is hard thing to achieve.All of human activity, the criminal justice included is imperfect and sadly justice will not always prevail. Some of the causes are beyond the criminal justice agencies or even the content of procedural rules and substantive law. As the cases show the crime control model does causes more miscarriage of justices. Therefore it is rightly to conclude that a criminal justice system characterized by an emphasis on crime control rather than due process will inevitably produce miscarriages of justice.

Group Behavior

Group Behavior In our society today, in that location is a definitely a plentitude of categorizing of tidy sum going on. Group behavior is whiz of the larger categories. Many peck, especially young people, be left out of many things. Those who have friends and participate in activities life like they cannot be themselves. therefore you have those people who make everyone else feel badly nearly who they are. Everyone needs to stop being so judgmental of others and accept people for who they are. We all remember the kids at school who were always chosen on the play primer coat.Maybe a few of us were one of those kids. This sort of thing doesnt just happen between children. Coaches and Teachers do those things all the time. Two people may have the same skills, but the one who has the family with money to support the school or with the notable last name will be effrontery the position. It is no hard to see why many people have self-esteem issues. Many people with friends stil l find it hard to be themselves. They fear that they will not be accepted or that they will be looked d induce upon.Many people feel that to befriends two people have to be the exact same. This is simply not true. Generally speaking, two people with identical personalities will most apt(predicate) clash. People need to realize that being different is not a bad thing. In life, there are bullies everywhere that we go, ranging from school to the workplace and everywhere in between. These types of people try to make themselves feel better by putting other people down. Perhaps they dont realize what this does to other people, or maybe they just dont care.Usually these types of people have self-esteem or self-image issues that they need to take care of themselves. However, there are different and better ways to deal with their own issues. No person has the right to belittle another person in any way. To conclude, everyone should think about the way that they treat other people. They cann ot change the things that they have done or said in the past. every last(predicate) that can be done is to change the way that we act now and in the future.There unfeignedly is no reason for the children in our society to be growing up with the self-esteem issues that they have. Many people are being diagnosed with depression, caused by the way that they have been treated by other people. Placing people into groups is unseasonable and something needs to be done to change this. Everyone deserves a fair chance in life, so do not be one of these types of people that categorize others. And if you are being placed into agroup, stand your ground and stand up for yourself because chances are, no one else will.

Greece working Conditions Essay

IntroductionBusiness ethics examine the ethical, moral and doctrine problems that occur in a pedigree environment, and its application applies to all aspects of a business, which complicate strategy implementation, constitution formulation, organizational culture and jural proceedings, just to mention a few. Business decisions are best explained by the use of ethical frameworks, which include the functional retrieve, social justice, deontology and ethics of virtues.The task in the presentation is to research working conditions in Greece and therefore figure come out of the closet which ethical framework is beingness used by the leaders of that country in that issue. A careful analysis of the matter indicates that the leaders employ the functional framework, which states that given two or more choices to choose from, a person must choose the one that yields maximum benefits to the largest calculate of state (Windelband et.al, 1958). In other words, if a given choice is go ing to benefit a small number of passel, it is of great importance.John Stuart Mill modified the law of utilitarianism and came up with a new utilitarian rule which stated that, one determines what is right by contrasting the outcome of all related agents of alternative policy for a particular condition (Quinton, 1973).Issue Greece Working ConditionsTo understand the working conditions, data from the Institute of battle is used. The data was provided by the Social Insurance Foundation and Labor Inspectors in Greece. This institute carried out a research in the year 2003. The objective of the research was to investigate the health and safety legislations in Greece. Questionnaires transfer out to 324 bulk of various specialties. 35.8 percent specified that there were no health and safety provide in the firm and 48.7% stated that, to their knowledge, there was no physician assigned to the firm. A small fortune acknowledges the being of a health and safety committee in their firm was nevertheless 32.4%. In the whirl sector, 53.5% had a health and safety provision document while 58.9% in the manufacturing sector had the same. 66.1% of the respondents in the state-supported sector said they lacked such a document (Aizenman, 2012).According to (Bentham 1948), it is right to exercise what is good for the largest macrocosm of people. The study reveals that the greatest number of people in the work environment had the health and safety document. Companies in Greece seem to value policies that yield the greatest benefit to the greatest number of people. However, James Rachel, critic of the utilitarian rule, would have argued otherwise. In his criticisms, he points out that, everyone is equal and that everybodys joy is important (Rachel, 1986). The group of people who lack the document in this case posterior claim that businesses in Greece did violate the business ethics. This thence violates utilitarian moral framework.One issue in particular is already in d anger of being subject to all kinds of populist rhetoric rather than objective assessment free movement of people in general and of workers in particular, in the European Union, says President Boroso while addressing the European crisis, which pioneered legion(predicate) reforms in Greece labor laws. The reforms led to limited protection of workers in the labor market. This aspect violated business ethics and essential social rights. Law number 3863/2010 introduced fundamental changes in the labor market.The major areas changed includeThe period given as a notice to the termination of white-collar workers significantly shortened. The golden milkshake for white-collar workers reduced by a half due to the reforms made.Operational costs must be kept between 5% and 10%. The minimum wage rates for workers under the age of 25 long time reduced to 84% of the coiffe minimum wage. For underage workers, the minimum wage rate mountain at 70% of the set minimum wage (Lynn, 2011).According t o (Bentham, 1948) these changes cannot yield maximum benefits to the society because they only cater for a few individuals. In fact, are in contrast with the labor minister, Algimanta Pabedinskiene, utterances, and I quote, Tackling NEET problems will require a variety of measures facilitating the transition of these young people into the world of employment, or their return to the teaching system. In applying these measures, a special focus should be placed on vulnerable groups.The law set by the regimen aimed at protecting the community from mass unemployment by making the labor laws weak, except by doing so, individual interests were not considered. According to (Allison, 1990) a rational individual wants to make more cash from their employment, and the same individual does not want to work in conditions, which make him/her feel underpaid. This is to say that the regimen is doing more harm than good by introducing weak labor laws. However, the government encourages underage working, which is a counseling of depriving minors their rights. This is not in line with the utilitarianism because it violates the ethics (Thilly, 1957).Apart from the labor market reforms, the government instituted in 2010, service rationalises in pension and other important reforms in the social security regulations (Pryce 2012). The key points to tonus are as followsZero increase in the current pension over the next 3 yearsFor the uninsured persons over the age of 65, their basic pension criteria underwent reforms. The amount of the pension is set at 360. The national bud defecate will finance the pension from the year 2018.With respect to minimum wages, the reduction of salaries in now fully permitted for all workers who are receiving the minimum wage rate in the country. This is now accomplishable after an agreement in the National General Collective Agreement (NGCA). Signing of the agreement on 15 July 2010 was by the social partners. This agreement validation was to be effected after three years (Feldstein, 2011).Salary cut for employees between 25 years was set between 22% and 32%. The employer can impose this cut without the consent of the employee.These reforms further show how the government violates utilitarian principle. A salary cut without the consent of employees is unethical, and violates utilitarian rule. According to (Goodin, 1995), utilitarianism as a public philosophy has been broken. Goodin explains utilitarianism as a principle which should guide political leaders while making decisions that affect the society at large. He points out that leaders must take into account the impacts of the policies they pass on the entire society, other than focusing on a small group of people. In addition, (Copleston, 1975) states that peoples decisions and rights must be respected whenever the government passes policies that has direct impacts on citizens welfare. He further states that failure to exercise this, the government will be infringing ci tizens rights, which is unethical.ConclusionThe government and companies in Greece tend to pass laws and policies in line with the utilitarian framework, scarcely there are many instances where the leaders go contrary to the principles of the framework. Using quotes and criticisms of the law and data collected, it is transparent that there exists infringement of the utilitarian rule. The Government of Greece ought to use this analysis to rewrite its policies. It is ironical that the government wants adjust unemployment while it continues to pass laws and regulations that do not yield greatest benefit to the greatest number of people. The happiness of citizens and their rights must be respected if the government aims at reducing unemployment.ReferencesAizenman, J. (2012). Developing countries financial vulnerability to the euro crisis an essence study of equity and bond markets. Cambridge, Mass. National Bureau of sparing Research.Allison, L. (1990). The Utilitarian response the contemporary viability of utilitarian political philosophy. London Sage Publications.Copleston, F. C. (1975). A account statement of philosophy. Westminster, Md. Newman Bookshop.Feldstein, M. S. (2011). The euro and European economic conditions. Cambridge, Mass. National Bureau of Economic Research.George, S. K. (2005). The moral philosophy of John Steinbeck. Lanham, Md. Scarecrow Press.Copy & PasteParentheticalGoodin, R. E. (1995). Utilitarianism as a public philosophy. Cambridge University Press.Havard, W. C. (1959). Henry Sidgwick & later utilitarian political philosophy. Gainesville University of Florida Press.Copy & PasteLynn, M. (2011). Bust Greece, the Euro, and the sovereign debt crisis. Hoboken, N.J. Bloomberg Press.Copy & PasteParentheticalNardo, D. (2006). Ancient Greece. Detroit Lucent Books.Pryce, V. (2012). Greekonomics the Euro crisis and why politicians dont get it. London Biteback.Copy & PastearentheticalQuinton, A. (1973). Utilitarian ethics. New York St. Martins Press.Thilly, F. (1957). A history of philosophy (3d ed.). New York Holt.Windelband, W., & Tufts, J. H. (1958). A history of philosophy. New York Harper & Brothers.

Sand Casting Techniques

MME 3210 Materials licking Techniques Laboratory Assignment Sand Casting of an Aluminium 13wt% Silicon Alloy 1) Process Attri neverthelesses Waste shown yellow* Waste shown yellow* After taking part in the sand cast research research laboratoryoratory session it was made clear that the process possessed many a(prenominal) advantages and disadvantage, twain from the process itself and from the lowest part named. Observing the process step by step it was noted that the tasks carried out by the promoter were not very difficult (i. e compacting sand, pouring bland alloy) and so giving the advantage of merely requiring a low dexterity level.However, although the process did not involve a large amount of skill it was observed to be very labour intensive and took a long time to complete iodine cycle of the process (around 30mins). Having a long cycle time is clearly a disadvantage as time is money in the manufacturing industry but this could be slightly reduced if multiple a ct upons were brisk simultaneously. Another advantage observed during the sand casting procedure was that the equipment employ was not very high-ticket(prenominal) and unlike other casting processes the mould was reusable.With that a low capital investment needful this would make short production runs viable. Probably the most noticeable disadvantage to the sand casting regularity was the low poppycock utilization. In the labs example (seen left), almost a third of the temporal utilize is preoccupied to the riser, runners and tributary. Particularly in todays waste conscious culture this roll in the hay cause many problems, however it passel be tackled by better design. 2) Process Problems Shrinkage Shrinkage defects in the utmost product are usually the result of a feeding defect.As shrinking naturally occurs during the immobileification process, if liquid metal is not sufficiently fed through the feeding system to compensate then it willing result in an indented s ur face. The surface defect was clearly shown in the lab example (shown left). A shoplifting defect normally occurs on the last part to unscathedify, so logically in the labs case the shrinkage occurred on the surface of the thickest part Furthermore the big defect problem of a surface retain was observed in the sand casting lab session (shown left).A sink such as this would give major dimensional inaccuracies and would probably have to be redone as it would be unsuitable and uneconomical for yet processing. Solution One way in which an engineer could reduce the effects of shrinkage is to design the mould to compensate for the shrinkage during solidification (i. e making the mould larger). Also collectable to shrinkage being mainly associated in being a feeding problem, the redesign of the feeding system would reduce the delimitate back. Making the feeding sprue thicker would ensure that the system continues to feed liquid metal to the cavity, thus preventing shrinkage.Furth ermore utilizing a equivalent part heaviness would in like manner tackle the problem reducing residue stresses and leading to uniform cooling. Rough Surface Texture The defect causes an undesirable distorted surface swallow up and is formed due to the texture peed from the compacted sand used to create the mould cavity. The effect was observed in the part created from the lab session and disregard be seen right. Solution The rough surface effects created from the mould sand can be importantly reduced by development sand with very small grain size.Particularly for the face sand which lines the surface of the mould cavity, if the grains used are very fine then surface finish will be improved dramatically. Porosity The defect of porosity occurs because of the liquid metal used to create the part can hold large amounts of dissolved turgidityses. As the liquid metal solidifies, the textiles new solid form can no longer hold these gasses and so they form bubbles. These bubbles can be generated both on the surface of the material and internally, thus they effect the dominance of the materials solid form and resulting in a decrease in mechanical properties.Effects of porosity shown preceding(prenominal)* Effects of porosity shown above* In the lab example holes were added in the sand to allow gas and moisture to escape, however effects of porosity were appease clearly visible. Solution The solution to eliminating the undesirable effects of porosity is based around minimizing the amount of gas that is in the liquid metal. One way in which gas inclusion to the liquid metal can be reduced is to minimize the effects of turbulence experienced during the filling process.Similarly to solving the problem of shrinkage, this can be solved by redesigning the filling system. The design used in the lab example used the bad design set up. With the sprue placed at the top of the mould cavity, the liquid metal flows fast splashing in to the mould cavity below and resulting in turbulence and gas inclusions. If the faithful design set up is implemented then the liquid metal will flow lazy and because runner is fed into bottom of the mould cavity with several gates, splashing will be significantly reduced, turbulence minimised and inclusion of gasses eliminated.Good design Good design Bad design Bad design 3) Advantages for using Aluminium Silicon alloy having 13wt% Si * Aluminium alloys supply reasonably high tensile strength in relation to density, compared with other alloys such as cast steel. * Corrosion resistant in normal environment. * High fluidity of composite melt provides easy transfer and pouring of material to mould (demonstrated in lab shown below). * Utilizes a Eutectic system, reducing defects such as porosity. * Silicon at heart eutectic results in Increased wearing and wear resistance. * Reduced thermal expansion coefficient. * Improved casting and machining characteristics. *Increasing silicon content indoors alloy will magnify these properties accordingly * Different Al and Si within Eutectic act as a hindrance to dislocation movement. * On part completion, alloy material can be tardily polished and painted for an aesthetically pleasing surface finish. 4) Nucleation Solidification does not happen instantaneously but occurs by a process of nucleation and harvest-festival.All pure crystalline solids have a given melting temperature (Tm), although when above this temperature the material will be in a stable liquid state, if cooled to a temperature equal to Tm then the material will start to crystalize. This usually involves some degree of undercooling for crystal nuclei to form. Free faculty Of system Free Energy Of system From the graph above it can be seen that by change magnitude the undercooling ? T, the free energy also increases ? G. Gets steeper as T is decreased Gets steeper as T is decreased There are different types of nucleation, homogeneous and conglomerate.Although homogeneous almost never occurs in significant life it can be used to build a model of the more realistic heterogeneous nucleation. Heterogeneous occurs on an existing nucleant but unlike homogeneous the nucleated cap is a solid rather than a sphere, thus less atoms are required. Process usually requires liquid to wet the nucleant surface. growth For growth to be sustained, the temperature of the melt must be less than the melting point. The speed in which growth occurs can be controlled by the amount of undercooling applied, with a large amount of undercooling resulting in rapid growth.In accompaniment the growth also depends on how fast latent heat is removed during crystallization. Both these aspects contribute to the temperature side of the melt which affect crystal formation. Constitutional Undercooling Usually caused by non-equilibrium concentration gradient, constitutional undercooling is more seeming to be found in alloy casting rather than in pure materials. Seen in the draw right, the amount of constitutional has a large impact on the type of crystal growth. Looking at the solidification of Al 13% Si, it would be expected to solidify under eutectic solidification.Due the fact that it is a newspaper of two materials, aluminium and silicon, and that during the lab the material solidified at a single temperature (room temperature). Furthermore it also provides the lowest melting temperature for the materials used. This is an energy savings in a production area. 5) From the many defects created during the creation of the lab example part it was clear that something in the process needed to be changed in order to produce a part of a more acceptable quality.As highlighted earlier, a main area for improvement was with the rule of delivering the liquid material to the mould, particularly focusing on the design of the feeder. The current feeder design used is very basic and can be seen right. The set up uses a thick single tumid cylindrical shaft with a very small taper, del ivering liquid metal directly to the cavity via a single runner. Concentrating on feeder design, one way in which defects can be reduced is by supplying the cavity with a smooth regular wad of flow.As the current feeder is very thick, the material is delivered very fast to one area of the cavity causing turbulence and inclusion of unwanted gas. This undesired effect could be minimized by changing the set up of having one large feeder to possibly 3 smaller ones. The use of multiple feeders would allow a more evenly distributed and constant metal flow. In addition the angle of taper could be increased to assist constant volume flow. Cavity Cavity Multiple feeders Multiple feeders Each of the feeders used should be reduced in thickness as much as possible, still maintaining the desired flow rate.This is important as although deliverance of material is critical, the amount of waste material must be reduced as much as possible. Although only visual inspection was applied to the produce d lab part, if it was discovered that the defects main cause was that of impurities within the solidified material than the Cosworth upward fill system could be employed. Due to its upward fill the process eliminates the problem of impurities within the liquid melt and impurities that sink or float are discarded. References http//www. acetake. com http//www. rheocast. com www. electrochemsci. org/papers/vol4