It320 Chapter 1 Questions

Chapter 1 1. Which of the side by side(p) statements accurately describe differences between a topical anesthetic argona network and a WAN? b. companies can use a Wan to consociate remote locations, and a LAN can make a local connection in a building. d. Only WANs require a CSU/DSU to be used on the ends of the telegraph 2. Network professionals belong to organizations that plan and stipulate standards used in networking. Which of the pursual are recognized industry organizations? a. IETF c. ISO d. EIA f. ITU 3. Which of the by-line are square closely router? a. outers enable different IP networks or IP subnets to communicate with each other. c. path selection is one of the principal(prenominal) locomotes of a router. e. routers have a central processing unit and memory. 4. Which of the following are main components of a router? a. ROM b. Flash memory e. random access memory 5. Which of the following statements describe the function of squeeze in a router? c. RAM stores the current configuration information. e. RAM stores routing tables for the router. 6. Which of the following statements are certain round DTE? c.DTE usually resides on the customers premises. d. DTE is an acronym for data terminal equipment. 7. Which of the following statements are true to the highest degree DCE? b. DCE provides clocking to the DTE. c. DCE is an acronym for data circuit-terminating equipment. 8. The term WAN refers to which layers of the OSI model? b. entropy merge d. Physical 9. Which of the following physical ports and/or cables on a router require clocking to be configured in a consecutive connection? e. Serial port with DCE cable. 10. Which of the following statements are true about interfaces? . Ethernet interfaces usually use RJ-45 connectors. d. Interfaces can accept smart resultant connectors. 11. What are possible functions of a console port? b. Accessing the router to change configurations. d. Password convalescence 12. In the following figure, wh ich setting is different from the default for connecting to a cisco router? a. Bits per second. The Cisco default is 9600bps 13. Which of the following are data-link encapsulations for WAN? a. Frame pass c. IETF 14. Which of the following are used in WANs? b. Router c. Modem 15.Which of the following describe the function of flash memory in a router? a. Holds the Cisco IOS software understand c. Keeps its contents when a router is rebooted. d. Can store multiple versions of Cisco IOS software. 16. Which of the following are true about out-of-band router management? a. Can be performed employ the console port with a rollover cable. d. Can allow troubleshooting when a link is down. e. Can be performed victimization a dialup connection. 17. Which of the following are true about the items shown in the following figure? a. Item B contains serial interfaces. . Items C and D can be used for router management. d. Item B can accept either DTE or DCE cables. 18. Which statement is true abo ut a router? b. NVRAM stores the startup configuration file, and RAM stores the running configuration. CHALLENGE Q&A 1. Which type of cable is used in the connections marked in the following figure? a. PC1 to R1 crossover b. R1 to R2 back-to-back serial connection or DTE/DCE c. R2 to SW2 straight-through cable d. R2 to PC2 console or rollover cable 2. Router R1 has been used in a research lab for the last several years.R1 connects to router R2 using a back-to-back serial connection, using its serial interface that does not have a built-in CSU/DSU. R1 besides has a single Ethernet interface connected to a single PC without using a hub or switch. To save money, the IT manager has decided to use R1 for a new site being installed into the network, as shown in the croup half of the following figure. Which of the following answers is true regarding other opportunities to save money with this new installation? a. R1 can use the serial cable that was at once prone to R2, but not the ser ial cable that was formerly attached to R1.

Go Green And Save the Earth Essay

Top of pretendGlobal warm up is happening and its getting worse everyday. If we wear thint pretend this problem upon ourselves, and take drastic action to support save our environment, Earths most precious gifts could be broken forever. Do you want to help? Here are some recyclable ways to help reduce your own carbon footprint on the EarthRECYCLERecycling is more than unspoilt tossing a a few(prenominal) things in your bin here and there. You need to do more to execute a positive impact. One way to reduce waste is to subvert products with minimal packaging. Economy size things are cracking, since they are usually a lot bigger and you arent buying so many smaller packages. in any case you can try to buy reusable products. For example, when cleaning your kitchen you can occasion a wash cloth that can be laundered afterwards, rather than development half a roll of paper towels. Remember to recycle paper, plastic, newspaper, field glass and aluminum cans. If you recycle half of your household waste each year, you leave behind save 2,400 pounds of carbon dioxide annually.LIGHT BULBSChanging out your light bulbs with the animation high-octane bulbs not only is great for the earthits great on your bills as well They actually give off more light than the old ones, and also last much longer go down YOUR THERMOSTATThis is a trick that will save the planet and your handbag at the same time. Make your home more energy efficient by adding insulation and weather stripping. Also, set your thermostat two degrees higher(prenominal) in the summer and two degrees lower in the winter.Just throw on a sweater, or cuddle with your spouse This will also leave behind you to pay less for heating and air conditioning while speech about 2,000 pounds of carbon emissions each year.CARPOOLJoin a carpool or take the bus. You can help the environment and save money on gas. If your maneuver isnt too far away, try walking or biking to work. mayhap you can add a few years to your life by getting some exercise tooBUY GREEN PRODUCTS intent for products that say Earth Friendly, Greenlist, Plant Based Ingredients, or All innate(p)even Organic. Buying these products are healthy for you as well. All those redundant chemicals are making us sick, and polluting our earth.REUSE PLASTIC BAGSIf you cant buy the reusable cloth bags and avoid using the stores bags all unitedlyyou can at least reuse them at home. Please just dont throw them away. Those things are turning up all over They are killing millions of marine animals in our oceans. These animals are confused by them, and when they are eaten, they die So please, at least recycle them if your not going to use them for something elseAs a concerned citizen, you should do your persona to lessen the effects of global warming. Please take global warming seriously.Lets save the planet, and go GREEN

Classic Knitwear Essay

guileless Knitwear, founded in 1995, began yield of a unique military control of unbranded casual gather apparel. Included in their product tune were much(prenominal) vesture as T-shirts, sport shirts, sweatshirts and new(prenominal) wearing apparel. Although the social club saw exceptional revenues as of 2005, they still felt that they were not meeting certain criteria when it came to their consummate(a) margin. They want to increase their receipts margin, currently sitting at 18%, to that of a much comfort satisfactory number of 20%. To combat this issue, incorrupt Knitwear obstinate to team up with Guardian, a adoptr of odorless repellant justification against bugs, and combine their fortes into a line of clothing inf drilld with the bug repellant technology. These modern products would hopefully to rise the gross margin to the 20% they were hoping to accomplish.The non-fashion casual knitwear marketplace consisted of products that range from casual t-shirts to e ven underwear. Within this industry, it can be shared out into deuce categories, those manufacturers who brand their products with their name and those companies who choose not to brand their line of products. On the branded side of the industry, clear competed with three major(ip) brands.These brands were JamesBrands (which accounted for $4.5 meg in revenue from sales), F diminishederknit (which accounted for $1.25 billion in revenue from sales), and Greenville Corporations TopTops Division (which accounted for $630 million in revenue from sales). These branded labels competed on the train of private- labeled businesses. On the some other side of the industry, upright competed with one company in terms of unlabeled products. B&B Activewear were major competitors as they flummoxd $590 million or 23.6% market share, which made them a draw in the market. Although not outright baffling within this sector, Jamesbrand, Flowerknit and Greenville Corporations TopTops Division sti ll were involved with spotless on this level.Distri neverthelession carry are essential when it comes to the wholesales of these companies products. 90% of the product dispersal from these companies go directly to two distinct types of retailers. Almost 50% of these sales are accounted for from heterogeneous retailers, much(prenominal) as Wal-Mart and Kohls, who consider clothing as well as wide variation of other products. The other 40% is sold towards clothing specialist retailers, such as Gap and Brooks Brothers, who only determine in the marketing of clothing related products. The remaining 10% of the distri saveion channel contained bits from non- grocery retailers, home shopping, internet retailing and direct selling to the customers. In recount for manufacturers to compete for retail business, they used a variety of strategies in order to gain attention from these retailers. Some of these tactics involved prices, variety of products, and efficiency of delivery.Cla ssic Knitwear, since its inception, has been a simple manufacturing company whose charge is on creating and distributing unbranded casual knit apparel which includes T-shirts, sweatshirts and fleece worry products. Unlike other companies that chose to have expensive products which carried prestigious fashion labels, Classic decided to venture away from them and focus on products that were categorized as non- fashioned knitwear. With this strategy, Classic accounted for $550 million in revenues from domestic sales.They have in any case decided to sell only in the United States, as distant markets were too much of a risk that could have negative consequences. 75% of this revenue came from the selling of their products to wholesalers, who in turn, resold the Classic clothing to screen- print transmit which customized the products with logos and images. Ortiz and Chong decided to concentrate on this pathway because it stumbleered the fastest product potential than trying to sell like ordinary retailers.As a result, Classic Knitwear had established itself as the 2 seller in the market, explanation for 16.5% of the market share. Classic generated the remaining 25% of their revenues from mass retail channels under private labeling. Classic would sell their products to retailers such as Wal-Mart and sawhorse General and would be carried under the name of the retailer or through and through a house brand that was developed by the retailers themselves. In fact, these two retailers accounted for 57% of those revenue sales.To help accomplish such high revenues, Classic had to achieve low production costs throughout the entire company. To run across that such goals were obtainable, Classic established state-of-the-art production factories that were situated off shore, mainly in the Dominican Republic. Being situated not in the United States allowed them to have much lower production costs than those sufferd domestically. Although other companies had in additio n set up production factories in other countries, Classic was able to have a slight competitive advantage over these other companies. What helped them keep this competitive advantage was a high volume- low SKU (stock keeping unit) strategy. This realised that they would produce high quantities of products without the large variety of products that other companies had.As of 2005, Classic felt that it would never reach their goal of 20% gross margins through various controlled labels or tie in promotions. However, Classic Knitwear had an epiphany which could potentially shoot their gross profits to levels that they would feel satisfied with. With the rise of the due west Nile virus across the Americas, more and more people were looking for ways to prevent the transmission of the diseases. Classic thought it would generate the attention of customers to produce a new line of clothing that would be infused with chemicals that would be able to repel dirt balls that carried the West N ile virus.With the help of another company, Guardian, who specialized in insect repellants, they would be able to create such a line of products. The spring that they chose Guardian was due to their flagship repellant, have established them as one of the vizor producers in insect repellant. The products would consist of a short and long branch T-shirt, a Mens polo, and a Mens fleece. on with the production of these chemical infused clothing, Classic was targeting males 18-35, seeing as these individuals would most seeming be outside during times when insects are active. The initial investment of such a line could cost about $10 million, which would help to generate 50% unaided awareness across the United States.In order to get the needed awareness of their product out to the public to ensure increased gross margins, Classic relied heavily on marketing. They had studied how other brands that were selling similar brands of insect repellant clothing and how they were successful, e stablishing themselves into small recess markets. found on those already established companies, Classic decided to sell their product lines to retail injects with cardboard displays housing the different styles of shirts. On the outside of each of the boxes would display pictures of outdoor related activities that would promote the proper use of each shirt. Some of these retail stores would be outdoor related stores such as Bass Pro Shops and L.L. Bean. Classic wanted to have 10,000 displays in stores over the next 2 years after the product line was to begin production. To help get these displays in stores, they offered discounts on the sale of T-shirts if the store agreed to have a display in their store.Classic, with the production of these chemical infused shirts, could have a possible juggernaut to help generate sales, but there could be other possibilities that could help them reach their target gross margin of 20%. One secondary would be to not produce the new line of shir ts, relying on frequent customers to help generate the additional sales to gain the spear carrier gross margin. Another possibility would be to vertical integrate with one of the screen-pressing companies that create the logos which are afterward screened onto the sold shirts. By integrating, they could possibly cut unnecessary costs that would also help create higher gross margins. Lastly, another possible alternative to this problem would be to establish a brand of clothing that is positioned airless the high labeled brands. They would have to compete with the big three companies with sales, but could possibly steal sales away from them to help establish themselves.Classic Knitwear was set with a problem of what to do to try and earn more in their gross profits. To solve such case, it would be recommended that they continue with the production of these insect repellant shirts. With the outbreak of the West Nile virus and outdoorsmen wanting styled brands to wear, this mentatio n would help to generate the sales need to raise the gross profits. Based on Consumer.com surveys, it was concluded that there was a strong desire for such a product, especially one whose clothing was made out Classics materials. In the end, the continuation of this line would help generate the extra gross margin they had hope to gain.

Asian Experiences and Immigration to America Essay

In the 1800s, a common essay exists for Asian the Statesns in the United States, specifically the Chinese and Nipponese. The term, identity is recognise through numerous events overtime and these events include the role of Asian Americans regulate the hi point of America. It took countless years for early Chinese and Japanese individuals to be accepted into American lifestyles, let alone be acknowledged of their suffer identities. There atomic number 18 many similarities, yet many differences among Chinese and Japanese communities, as shown in Hisaye Yamamotos short story cardinal Syllables and Ronald Takakis excerpt Gam Saan Haak.Hisaye Yamamotos Seventeen Syllables expresses the significance behind difficulties approach by Japanese immigrants to the United States, as well as the racial separation between these immigrants and their families. The Japanese immigrant experience many obstacles, such as poverty and unstable jointures. Yamamotos story implicates a teenager and h er mformer(a), Tome Hayashi who conditions an touch on in writing haiku for the Japanese language paper in San Francisco.Her little girl however is practically illiterate to speaking Japanese, which is ironic since that is her culture and furthermore, fails to check the haiku her mother writes. See Rosie, she said, it was a haiku, a poem in which she must(prenominal) pack all the meaning into seventeen syllables (Yamamoto 154). This is an beguileing aspect in a sense that turn Tome expresses her relevance on haikus, Rosie pretends to understand the construct and meanings of her mothers learning, but realistically she refuses to comprehend. More importantly, Tome Hayashi scarcely took an interest in haiku to overcome everything that she went through. The truth was revealed when Tome admits to telling Rosie of her past.As her mother told her the story, Tome remained in hold back of her life, which is extremely difficult after gathering that she faced horrible memories. Rosie was shocked to believe such things, Her mother, at nineteen, had come to America and marital her father as an alternative to suicide (162). Before her father, her mother had met a lover, but only did she know that her lover already had an arranged marriage by his family. Many of these married couples argon unsuited for one some other and usually, forced to be with one another.Another important significance is that these problems were secret from their children, which is why Rosie had no idea until the end of the story. Disappointed about her past, Tome asks Rosie to foreshadow never to marry and never be blinded by one-year-old romance. The story portrayed an intergenerational conflict between first generation and support generation. What Rosie went through may not have the same outcome as her mother did. Ronald Takakis excerpt Gam Saan Haak demonstrates Chinese immigrants as travelers to Gold visual sense (Takaki 80).Due to hard economic times, govern handst corruption and d eficiency in China, forced many men to pursue opportunities overseas, such as the arriver in California. This separated many men from their families because there was a control of migration to America. Chinese women were excluded by the law, which show signs of prejudice, but instead were marked as laundry defecateers, which was a womans occupation (Takaki 93). Furthermore, Chinese worked in a variety of occupations they were housekeepers, servants, laundresses, seamstresses, shoemakers, cooks, miners and fisherwomen.But overwhelmingly, especially in the early years, Chinese women were prostitutes (Takaki 121). There were wads of employments for the Chinese women, but most of them were in a condition of debt, therefore they turned to the role of being prostitutes. Lives for the prostitutes were treacherous because they were beat out on occasions and looked down on based on their status. However, they were tremendously profitable for their owners. Since women are incapable of working in heavy promote force, it had caused men to travel away from home to make some money.A great number of Chinese immigrants came up with the same plan to transmigrate to America, causing the Chinese to make up 25 percent of the work force. At first they were doing great, owning businesses such as a shopkeeper and merchant, while some are artisans, farmers and labor contractors. However, the Americans did not like how the Chinese are taking over their land. A riot broke out between Americans and Asian Americans over the elimination of competition from foreign miners.Takaki generates in his story the ultimate solution to prevent Asian immigrants from advancing anymore in the workforce, To halt the threat, the committee recommended the enactment of a foreign miners license revenue (Takaki 81). This form of resentment towards the Chinese was extremely unfair. The racial purpose of this immature tax was transparent aimed mainly at the Chinese, this new tax needed a monthly pa yment of three dollars from every foreign miner who did not desire to have become a citizen (Takaki 82).This law enforce on the immigrants was mainly an act to drive away Chinese immigrants and take away their businesses. Slowly after, lives for the Chinese have become increasingly difficult. instead of owning businesses, some have to organize themselves into small groups. Chinese people were marked as inferior people among the white Americans. A common affiliation between the Chinese and Japanese is that women are usually restricted from their men of the same culture, causing Chinese and Japanese men to go for women other than their traditional culture.This usually leads to men marrying a white woman, in add-on to having a family together, meanwhile losing all cultural traditions. Moreover, when the law was passed that Asian immigrants are allowed into the United States, they were stopped with the Asian Exclusion Act, where they are sojourned from migration and naturalization. Th e constant racial discrimination against Asians has become the main argument behind these immigrants experiences. Many immigrants hoped to hightail it to America, wishing to adapt to American culture and lifestyles and believing that it is possible to be white.However, they were driven out of American due to being a minority. Historically, whites generally perceived America as a racially homogenous society and Americans as white. Long before the Chinese arrived, they had already been preset for exclusion by this set of ideas the Chinese future in America could be seen in the black and Indian past (Takaki 100). This can be seen as racism towards the Chinese workers. This distinction was made because the Chinese, like the blacks were viewed as threats in white society. In the eyes of Americans, there are no differences between Chinese and Japanese.They have a shared history and lots of community, especially seen through racism. This is true to a certain extent only because the Gentle mens Agreement Act have created some equality for the Japanese. The Japanese were treated slightly better than the Chinese. While the United States would impose restrictions on Chinese immigrants, they were more lenient with Japanese immigrations in that there were no restrictions imposed. There were government differences because Japanese victory against Russia has made Japan take aim for their identity in America.

Eating Disorders (the Black Swan)

The main character Nina Sayers has a sever have disorder. In her attempts to be the perfective ballerina, she is both anorexic and bulimic. She does not eat anything and if she does she by and by throws it up. For example, for breakfast she was forced to eat a grapefruit but is afterwards shown in the bathroom throwing it up. When she gets the part in the play she worked so challenging for, her mother buys a cake in celebration only to be put to waste since Nina refuses to eat it. In the movie, she provides an example of what can go along when an eating disorder completely takes over.She becomes so pleased with the positive feelings she feels when she looks at herself in the mirror, that she only tries to love her soma more. This habit begins a downward(prenominal) spiral into eating less and less. In The Black Swan, Nina is portrayed as the best dancer of her company. Until some competition, Lily arrives and Nina views her as a huge threat. This causes Nina innate stress a nd she develops the idea that Lily is out to get her and take her position as best dancer. Since extreme starvation of the body leads to cognitive distortions, threats are ordinarily amplified.Nina feels extremely threated and like her spot as best dancer is at risk. She then feels even more of a need to have the perfect body and to be a perfect dancer. Since she does not eat enough, her mentality and body do not receive appropriate amounts of nutrients. The lack of nutrients puts her in a state of high stress and her brain does not forecast clearly or logically. It distorts her surroundings giving her a warped image of herself when looking in the mirror. She sees herself as much larger than she actually is. She compares herself to everything and everyone nearly her.Not only does her eating disorder hurt her mentally but in like manner it physically affects other parts of her body. When feeling the urge to eat, she claws at her pare down on her back where it can be covered by clothes. Ninas fingers are also covered with bandages to conceal her skin she carelessly peals away. The approximation of becoming a perfect ballerina literally begins to kill her. Although Nina neer sought help, there are plenty of shipway she could have. Cognitive- wayal therapy or root therapy would both have been very helpful for her situation.Cognitive-behavioral therapy focuses on current behavior rather than childhood or past experiences. The therapists typically address ways their patients should change the way they think and behave, assign homework, and offer strategies of how to change them for the better. sort therapy also would have been an effective way to treat Ninas eating disorder. If she went to group therapy and saw that other people were going through the aforesaid(prenominal) thing as her and got better, it would have encouraged her that she could do the same.

Foxy Originals

Executive analysis With the growing popularity of its products, slick Originals was running the lay on the line of meet over-saturated in the Canadian mart. In an effort to avoid this problem, the political party distinguishable to enter the U. S. market by January, 2005. To achieve this goal, Foxy Originals had to make a vital finish regarding its distribution strategy Would the troupe attend plenty shows or convey barters representatives? Foxy Originals strengths reside in its owners obtain, fashionable products, pricing strategy, and its watercourse market presence.The companys weaknesses include topical anesthetic market saturation, omit of international market experience, and the high comprise of securing retail billhooks. Tapping into the US jewelry market creates virtually unlimited opportunities for Foxy Originals. The company will evolve a larger customer base, wider brand exposure, and greater international market experience. Although entering the US m arket presents Foxy Originals with coarse opportunities, it also presents pregnant threats.Threats the company may face argon the risk of being eliminated by stronger, better marketed competitors potentially low demand for its product and expensive marketing and distribution. Foxy Originals is trying to decide on the opera hat strategy for expanding into the US market. The company must overcome its unfamiliarity with the US jewellery market, its neediness of a solid marketing and distribution strategy, and the high costs of acquiring new retail accounts.The company currently has terce options Foxy Originals butt joint sell its products at trade shows or it screw hire sale representatives to sell their products or the company can clear from using both distribution methods. The company must carefully adjudicate expected profits, market-entry time, and the complexness of each alternative The costs of hiring gross revenue representatives are much freeze off than any other alt ernative, and the expected revenues are much higher.Sales representatives have experience and contacts to make quick sales, assuring Foxy Originals a quick display into the U. S. market. By the end of 2004, in major US cities, with a cost of $19,182. 50, Foxy Originals should will and train 4 sales representatives. Working with recruiters and pastime its regular employment procedures, the company should hire, train, and equip four ambitious, aggressive, enthusiastic account executives, assigning each to a major US metropolitan area.Because the company will face fierce arguing in large urban cities, Foxy Originals should focus on slightly smaller markets with less competition and higher demand. Foxy Originals also must stop a distinctly American collectionstylish and cheap. By differentiating itself, offer unique and affordable products, Foxy Originals will insure profitable magnification into the US market.Foxy OriginalsExecutive Summary With the growing popularity of its products, Foxy Originals was running the risk of becoming over-saturated in the Canadian market. In an effort to avoid this problem, the company decided to enter the U. S. market by January, 2005. To achieve this goal, Foxy Originals had to make a vital decision regarding its distribution strategy Would the company attend trade shows or hire sales representatives? Foxy Originals strengths reside in its owners experience, stylish products, pricing strategy, and its current market presence.The companys weaknesses include local market saturation, lack of international market experience, and the high cost of securing retail accounts. Tapping into the US jewellery market creates virtually unlimited opportunities for Foxy Originals. The company will gain a larger customer base, wider brand exposure, and greater international market experience. Although entering the US market presents Foxy Originals with huge opportunities, it also presents significant threats.Threats the company may face are the risk of being eliminated by stronger, better marketed competitors potentially low demand for its product and expensive marketing and distribution. Foxy Originals is trying to decide on the best strategy for expanding into the US market. The company must overcome its unfamiliarity with the US jewellery market, its lack of a solid marketing and distribution strategy, and the high costs of acquiring new retail accounts.The company currently has three options Foxy Originals can sell its products at trade shows or it can hire sale representatives to sell their products or the company can benefit from using both distribution methods. The company must carefully evaluate expected profits, market-entry time, and the complexity of each alternative The costs of hiring sales representatives are much lower than any other alternative, and the expected revenues are much higher.Sales representatives have experience and contacts to make quick sales, assuring Foxy Originals a quick introducti on into the U. S. market. By the end of 2004, in major US cities, with a cost of $19,182. 50, Foxy Originals should will and train four sales representatives. Working with recruiters and following its regular employment procedures, the company should hire, train, and equip four ambitious, aggressive, enthusiastic account executives, assigning each to a major US metropolitan area.Because the company will face fierce competition in large urban cities, Foxy Originals should focus on slightly smaller markets with less competition and higher demand. Foxy Originals also must develop a distinctly American collectionstylish and affordable. By differentiating itself, offering unique and affordable products, Foxy Originals will insure profitable expansion into the US market.

Marketing Information System Essay

INTRODUCTIONMarketing was the first functional line of business to exhibit an interest in MIS. Shortly after the MIS concept originated, marketers tailor it to their bea and called it the MKIS ( market breeding SYSTEM). Early graphic models of MKISs provide a fanny for organizing all functional entropy dodges. The MKIS consists of three input subsystems AIS, market research, and marketing intelligence. The proceeds subsystems address the information take of the four ingredients of the marketing intermingle (product, place promotion, and price), plus an integration of the four.SUMMARYFUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL buildingThe term organizational structure refers to how the people in an organization are grouped and to whom they report. One traditional way of organizing people is by function. somewhat common functions within an organization include production, marketing, human resources and score.FUNCTIONAL INFORMATION SYSTEMSFIS also known as functional information system may be described as a computer program system which processes the daily informations such as TPS (Transaction Processing Systems). merchandise PRINCIPLESOne definition states that marketing consists of individual and organizational activities that facilitate and stimulate satisfying exchange relationships in a dynamic environment by the creation, distribution, promotion, and pricing of goods, services and ideas.THE MARKETING MIXThe objective is to develop strategies that carry these resources to marketing the stanchs goods, services, and ideas. The marketing strategies consist of a sort of ingredients called the Marketing Mix product, promotion, place, and price. They are known as the four Ps. proceeds is what the customer buys to satisfy a perceived want or need. A product toilet be a physical good, some instance of service, or an idea. promotion is concerned with all the means of encouraging the sale of the product, including advertising and personal change. Place deal s with the means of physically distributing the product to the customer through a channel of distribution. Price consists of all the elements relating to what the customer pays for the product. phylogeny OF THE MARKETING INFORMATION SYSTEMS CONCEPTIn 1996 Professor Philip Kotler of Northwestern University apply the term marketing nerve center to describe a raw(a) unit within marketing to gather and process marketing information. He identified the three types of marketing information. These are the following Marketing intelligence information information that flows into the household from the environment. Internal Marketing Information information that is self-contained within the firm. Marketing Communications information that flows from the firm outward to the environment. proto(prenominal) MARKETING MODELSBrien and Stafford were among the first modelers. Basing their design on the four Ps and punctuate the development of strategic marketing programs. King and Celand stre ssed strategic supplying whereas Kotler, Montgomery, and urban, and Crissy and Mossman emphasized decision support. These modeling efforts began in the 1960s and continued into the 1970s.MARKETING INFORMATION SYSTEM MODELIt consists of a combination of input and output subsystems connected by a database.Output SubsystemsEach output subsystems provides information about its part of the mix. * Product Subsystems provides information about the firms products. * Place Subsystems provides information about the firms distribution network. * Promotion Subsystems provides information about the firms advertising and personal selling activities. * Price Subsystems helps the manager make pricing decisions. * Integrated-Mix Subsystems which enables the manager to develop strategies that considers the feature effects of the ingredients. informationbaseA structured collection of data. The data that is used by the output subsystems comes from the database.Input Subsystems* Accounting Information System gathers data describing the firms marketing transactions. * Marketing Intelligence Subsystems gathers information from the firms environment that has a bearing on marketing operations. * Marketing query Subsystems conducts special studies of marketing operations for the purpose of learning customer needs and improving marketing efficiency.ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMThe collection, storage and touch on of financial and score data that is used by decision makers. An accounting information system is generally a computer-based method for tracking accounting activity in conjunction with information technology resources. The resulting statistical reports can be used internally by management or outwardly by other interested parties including investors, creditors and tax authorities. information for Preparation of occasional ReportsA classic example of how marketing information can be provided by the AIS (Accounting Information System) is sales analysis. Sales Analysis is the s tudy of the firms sales activity in terms of which products are cosmos sold, which customer are buying the products, and which sales representatives are selling them.Data for Preparation of Special ReportsThe vast majority of data that is used to answer to managers database queries likely comes from the AIS, e.g. to prepare a sales analysis using 4GL.Data for Mathematical Models and Knowledge-Based SystemsA mathematical model is a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language. The process of developing a mathematical model is termed mathematical modeling.

In the 21st Century, How Important Is to Be Able to Read, Write and Speak English in Thailand?

At the present time, slope is used widely around the world and besides the most spoken official language. universe able to hear, write and babble out side of meat becomes measurable for Siamese people because of various reasons. English is used in education and in doing profession. Firstly, it is important for Thai children because English is used in education. There argon galore(postnominal) sources of knowledge written in English such as textbooks or information on the internet. If Thai children can read and write English fluently, they get out understand the content which is written in English. They can also express their point of view by writing follow out.Therefore, children will be able to access to more sources of knowledge. Nowadays, some Thai students go to reflect overseas. Living in a opposed country, English is very infallible since it is a language which used worldwide. Students must be able to deal English because they have to communicate with foreign ers such as their classmates or their t distributivelyers. They are also required to read and write English in determine to understand the information in textbooks and be able to finish their homework. Moreover, business opportunities for Thai people can be expanded by universe able to read, write and speak English.Currently, many foreign companies are effected in Thailand. They want the employees who can use English fluently. In foreign companies, they use English as an Interlingua. Companies employees have to interact with people in English. They have to read papers and write down everything in English as well. Thus, it is advantageous to Thai people who are able to read write and speak English. For Thai employers, if they are able to speak English, they will have an easier communication with their business counterparts without hiring employ translators.This will cut down the companies expenses. Employers can directly negotiate with their counterparts. They can clearly understa nd each other business deal. In conclusion, it can be seen that English is very essential in Thailand. English is used for educational purposes and expanding business opportunities. Therefore, Thai people should realize that the importance of being able to read, write and speak English in Thailand is very necessary. We should try harder and harder in practices these skills.

Interview with a Business Owner

shortly Paper Interview with a Business Owner (Week 5) Interview an entrepreneur who owns and operates a business to acquit a critical analysis of the company. You are responsible for developing questions that testament garner the solutions necessary to address the nominate elements of the assignment. Required Elements of the Interview critically assess the current status of the business, based on concepts presented in our course. he type and nature of the business (products/services offered) and the scope of the business (whether it is topical anaesthetic in nature, national, or international in scope) why the person unconquerable to go into business, and how he or she proceeded the businesss excogitate (is the business operated as a sole proprietorship, a partnership, a corporation (even an individual can form a corporation), a franchise, etc.? ) and the particular advantages and disadvantages of that form from the owners perspective when compared with separate forms he or she might have chosen the challenges and rewards of business ownership he business owners position on ethical behavior and responsibleness the impact of each business environment (economic, competitive, technological, legal, and global) on the company and the owners response the owners strategy for gaining and maintaining new business opportunities depicts to success, from the owners perspective what the person would do otherwise if he or she had to do it all over again What would you scan is the future of this business? Would you invest in this business? Why or why not? Required Formatting of Paper This report should be double spaced, 12-point font, and three to five rogues in length excluding the title page and consultation page Title page Use APA formatting for in-text citations and reference page. You are expected to paraphrase and not use quotes. Deductions will be taken when quotes are used and found to be unnecessary. Interview questions must(prenominal) be incl uded as an addendum to the assignment however, these should not be counted toward the length requirement for the make-up. Submit paper in the Assignment Folder.This paper is due at the end of week 5. Grading Rubric Short Paper Objectives Outstanding Superior Good Substandard Failure A (90-100) B (80 89) C (70-79) D (60-69) F (0-59) Demonstrates critical thinking / fuss solving/ yeasty thought/self assessment 30-27 points 26-24 points 23-21 points 20-18 points Fewer than 18 points Clearly pore analysis demonstrating a high degree of originality, insight, and/or critical thinking/problem solving skills. Focused analysis demo some originality, insight, and/or critical thinking/problem solving skills.Somewhat focused analysis showing minimal originality, insight, and/or critical thinking/problem solving skills. compendium not focused and very little creative thought or insight, critical thinking/problem solving skills testd. Analysis not focused little to no creative thought or insight and/or critical thinking/problem solving skills is proved. Develops and moderate ideas 20-18 points 17-16 points 15-14 points 13-12 points Fewer than 12 points Thorough and insightful exploration, explanations that support each idea. veritable and supported key points.Inconsistency in developing and supporting ideas. Explanations and support of ideas is unequal to(predicate) or ineffective. Meaningful tackle to explain or support ideas does not exist. Application of concepts learned in class to assignment 20-18 points 17-16 points 15-14 points 13-12 points Fewer than 12 points Draws direct correlation between concepts learned in class to assignment. correlativity between concepts discussed in class and assignment are generally drawn. angiotensin-converting enzyme or two places could be expanded to show relevance to gist concepts. Draws some correlation between concepts and assignment but three r four places could be expanded to show relevance to core concepts. Fail s to demonstrate savvy of correlation between concepts learned in class and assignment. Fails to demonstrate understanding of correlation between assignment and relevance to concepts. Responds to each medical prognosis of the assignment 15-13. 5 points 13. 49-12 points 11. 9-10. 5 points 10. 49-9 points Fewer than 9 points Demonstrates full understanding of requirements. Responds to each aspect of assignment. Demonstrates understanding of requirements, but missed a key element.Demonstrates some understanding of the requirements but missing a few key elements. Gestures toward instructions but demonstrates little comprehension or competency. Disregards instructions. Adherence to APA modal value (APA 6th ed) 5-4. 5 points 4. 4-4 points 3. 9-3. 5 points 3. 4-3 points Fewer than 3 points No APA ardor errors. No more than three APA style errors. More than four or five APA style errors. More than six APA style errors. No attempt at APA style. Paper is well organized with smooth transiti ons, and is free of distracting errors in grammar, punctuation, etc. 10-9 points 8. 9-8 points 7. 9-7 points 6. 0-6 points Fewer than 6 points create verbally is clear and easy to follow. Grammar and spell out are all correct. Formatting gives a professional look and adds to readability. Writing is sometimes difficult to follow. Grammar & spelling is mostly correct. Formatting is good. Writing and intro is not clearly organized. Formatting is lacking. Poorly written in footing of mechanics and structure. Largely incomprehensible writing and presentation. Poorly written in terms of mechanics and structure.

Venuti’s Theory of Foregnisation Applied to the Phenomenon

buff-Translation and heterogeneousness Venutis opening of foregnisation applied to the phenomenon of sports caramel brown- larning In this stress I set out to look for the extent to which faithfulnessrence Venutis theory of unk at one timenising displacement reaction stomach be spendfully applied to explain the practices of fan-edition communities. Fan- variant (hereafter, FT) is a relatively novel phenomenon. OHagan , by-line Flews definition of gunslingerstance abuser Generated Content (Flew 2008 in OHagan 2009, p. 7) derives the full term User Generated Translation (hereafter, UGT) in tack to describe a wide cut arse of variant, carried out found on unloosen use elaborateness in digital media aloofnesss where rendition is undertaken by unspecified self-selected individuals (OHagan 2009, p. 97). The user in head word is so close tobody who voluntarily act as a remediator of linguistic bothy inaccessible products and direct producer of translation on the basis of his familiarity of the granted language as well as that of a picky media marrow or genre, spurred by his substantial interest in the outlet (OHagan 2009, p. 7). UGT then could be applied to all those translations carried out by non-professional spokespersons, oftentimes for non-financial motives. The term FT in this essay go out be utilise more specifically to describe the practice of those users whose interest is directed towards a specific genre that of Nipp whizse ethnical commodities or, more specifically, Japanese graphical novels (Manga), and animated movies (anime). The question that I would homogeneous to address in this essay is whether Lawrence Venutis influential theory of translation (Venuti 1995,1998) wad help precisely when sense the phenomenon of FT.The intention of this essay is to claim that any(prenominal) tantrums of Venutis foregnisation theory do indeed serve to characterise fan- transcribers activities, despite the obvious con school guardbookual differences. These differences atomic number 18 easily summarised FT is non carried out by a nonpareilness individual or make up by a single crowd of individuals (un equal the cases cited by Venuti, where he either refers to a group of ro mantic skilfuls in 19th century Germany, or later isolated cases (Venuti 1995, pp. 9-147, 187-272), further a practice carried out on a wider scale, embraced by a greater number of individuals controling together as a community of practice, broadly composed of non-professional translators, often very young, not always sharing the express(prenominal) national identity, and mostly lacking the clearly delimitate heathenish purchase order of business that Venuti exposed as a notwithstanding whenification for advocating the adoption of foreignising translation practices (Venuti 1995, pp. 6-17). Fandom Fan activities impart ga thered scholarly attention in recent geezerhood payable to the opportunities for com munity building and the ease of sharing suffice that the recent incarnation of the World Wide Web, or Web 2. 0, offers ( arrest for example (Diaz Cintas and Munoz Sanchez 2006 downwind 2009 Sanchez 2009 Koulikov 2010 Watson 2010 Denison 2011 Lee 2011 Castells and Cardoso 2012).The reason for such scholarly attention is that fan activities, in the make water of sharing digital content online, can be said to occupy a liminal plaza (Denison 2011) that is dangerously close to what is often called ( scarce not often clearly defined) piracy fan textual matters that atomic number 18 at the liminal de boundation amid fan creativity and piracy. Essentiallytext augmented by, preferably than created by, fans (Denison 2011, p. 450).For this reason, fan activities built on the relationship that is constituted in the answer of a grapahemeicular form of lit have been the subject of schoolman interest Anime texts have become nexus points for discourse most ownership and proficien ts(Napier 2007 and Thornton 1995 in Denison 2011, p. 450). Within the wider spectrum of fan-related practices, most individuals play the role of prosumers producers and consumers of products, rather than passive spectators (Tapscott and Williams, 2006 in OHagan 2009, p. 9). Prosumers not only consume cultural products, but also manifest agency by responding creatively to their favourite text or medium. Some examples of fans creative response analysed by well-grounded scholars could be the theatrical audience participation to showings of The Rocky Horror Show, Town bands playacting slack concerts, the American musical tradition the blues (Madison 2007, pp. 87-703), amateur fan actors producing new episodes of Star Trek, fan produced Harry Potter Lexicon, fan- do flash based lifespan derived from music, fan-created version of mercantilely created virtual mascot Miku Hatsune (Noda 2010, pp. 149-158), which are all forms of participation that sit uneasily with the notion of intel lectual property estimables. The practices of fans of Japanese peculiars and animation have been of particular interest to legal theorists (Mehra 2002 Hatcher 2005 Lessig 2005 Muscar 2006 Noda 2008, 2010).Here it is useful to distinguish surrounded by the practices of the dojinshi (hereafter non italicised) community and the practices of the FT community or, to be more specific, communities, since fan translators in operation(p) on different media are described with different names translation of Japanese graphic novels is carried out by a affect of Scanlation subtitling of Japanese animation is carried out by a process called Fansubbing and finally, the process of restricting and translation of video games is called RomHacking. DojinshiWhat are dojinshi, and why are they of interest to legal scholar? Lawrence Lessing, professor of truth at Harvard Law School and open board member of Creative Commons, in his 2004 create take over glossiness how big media uses technology and the lawfulness to lock down socialization and program line creativity, uses dojinshi as an example of derivative whole shebang that could not exist in America, since dojinshi are A kind of copycat comic It is not dojinshi if it is only a copy the artist must reconcile a persona to the art he copies, by transforming it either subtly or really.A dojinshi comic can thus take a mainstream comic and develop it differentlywith a different story line. Or the comic can affirm the character in character but assortment its look slightly. on that point is no formula for what dumbfounds the dojinshi sufficiently different. entirely they must be different if they are to be considered true dojinshi (Lessig 2005, pp. 25-26) Dojinshi are the Japanese version of what is differently called fan-fiction in other linguistic communication, unlicenced fan-created version or original works.The term Dojinshi (. Literally dojin stands for same person and shi stands for periodical macr ocosmation, which in position could be rendered as Fanzine or Fan-magazine). Dojinshi denoted a type of fan works that are self- create, small scale publications written by fans for fans of a particular work (be it a movie, a book, a television series, or a video game) or of a particular romantic pairing assertable within that work(Hemmann 2010).Dojinshi are an crucial side of the civilisation that surrounds Japanese graphic novels (manga literally man stands for whimsical and ga stands for drawings) in Japan. Manga demo both an industry and a form of expression, so much so that in recent years the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) began to see manga as the new germ of Japans Gross matter Cool (McGray 2002 in Koulikov 2010, p. 18) and began promoting the countrys content industry foreign (Yoshimoto 2003 in Koulikov 2010, p. 10).The Japanese manga industry and the dojinshi fan-communities reinforce each other in a way that is mayhap surprising to wester n legal theorists because it raises important questions in regards to the efficacy and meaningfulness of secure practices and of the position processs to the highest degree originality and reservoirship that underpins right of first publication law and associated commercial practices in the west This grocery store exists in parallel to the mainstream commercial manga market. In some ways, it obviously competes with that market, but there is no free burning effort by those who control the commercial manga market to shut the doujinshi market down.It flourishes, despite the competition and despite the law in the descry of many, it is hardly because it exists that Japanese manga flourish Lessing 2004, p. 26 The practice of scanlation and fansubbing differ from those of dojinshi artists in some important ways. First of all, they are mostly carried out by fans right(prenominal) of Japan, and more specifically, while they are carried out in a salmagundi of languages, the majority of the work is carried out by incline language fans (Denison 2011, p. 54). Additionally, I would argue that scanlation and fansubbing do not inhabit the same suppositionual space of fan-fiction and dojinshi, even if copyright law regards adaptation and translation equally as derivative works (WIPO article 2 (3)). Dojinshi artists working within the idea of complementing the original work, while un informantised, are conceptually closer to the wider spectrum of fan activities that are often tolerated in the west ( same(p) audience participation to theatrical performances).FT seems to inhabit a narrower conceptual space, closer, and more readily compromised by proximity, to the practices of unauthorised copying that is denounced as piracy, despite the ambiguity of the term piracy itself piracy has never had a stable legal definition and is just about sure enough better mum as a product of enforcement debates than as a description of a specific behaviour. The terms blurs, and is often use designedly to blur, important distinction between types of uncompensated use (Karaganis et al. 2011, p. ) In order to cause a conceptualisation of the practices of fan translators, here I would like to adopt Venutis framework of domesticating and foreignising translation. My intention in the adjacent part of the essay is to illustrate how FT of Japanese manga and anime could find precedents in the archives of translation. In miserable, I draw from Venutis critical family tree of fluent discourse in the English language translation in order to show that FT should not merely be thought of as free-riding, but that it contains elements of previous use of translation as musical instrument for building a national culture (Venuti 1995, 100).Similarly, FT can be said to represent a vehicle for the construction of sub-cultural capital , the companionship about an area of fandom that allows one to feel comfortable with other similar fans, but also to gain status among fello w enthusiasts (Napier 2007, p. 150 in Denison 2011, p. 450) Translation Translation studies as an academic turn back has a relatively short history, rising about twenty years ago from the back of comparative literature departments. The independence of translation studies as an academic trail revolves more or less its methodology and the questions it aims to answer.Hence, an important question faces every Translation Studies pupil should one restrict his enquiry to the analysis of linguistic features of a text, or should attention be paid to the context where the practice of translation takes consecrate the figure of the translator his/her motivation what void in the receiving culture is the translator trying to fill the interests played behind the importation and exportation of culture how law, market, social norms and issue practices all influence the creation of culture of which translation is part of whether all these form a kind of censorship, and should the translator change course of conform to such censorship, even when is self-censorship? In this essay I would like to explore the possibilities offered by the latter approach, by comparing and contrasting two common elements of contemporary translation on the one hand, the critical work of Venuti in regards to domestication and foregnisation and on the other, the phenomenon of user participation in otherwise highly specialised areas of professional translation practice (OHagan 2009, p. 96). To begin with, I would like to introduce the work of Lawrence Venuti (1995, 1998).Venuti describes the state of contemporary translation around the world as characterised by imbalance the imbalance between the long number of books that are translated from English and the small number of books that are translated into English. This hand imbalance is an effect of the global control of English which, accord to Venuti, leads to a complacency in Anglo-American relations with cultural others apparent in publi shing practices in Britain and America that decreases the cultural capital of foreign look upons in English by limiting the number of foreign text translated and submitting them to domesticating decree (Venuti 1995, p. 7) According to Venuti, publishing practices in Britain and America reinforce the global domination of English by imposing Anglo-American cultural nourishs on a vast foreign readership, while adopting practices of translation that produce domestic cultures that are aggressively monolingual, unreceptive to the foreign, accustomed to fluent translations thatprovide the readers with the narcissistic capture of recognising their own culture in a cultural other(Venuti 1995, p. 15) idiom added). Venuti is critical of the canon of fluency that dominated the practice of translation into English. By fluency, Venuti wants to describe a particular way of translating which emphasise the production of texts that hide their foreignness and instead makes them appear as the ori ginal expression of the foreign author, essentially unmediated by the process of translation. Venuti defines such process of assimilation, in a manner that conceals the text foreign origin, as domestication.While professedly all translation is appropriation and assimilation, domestication has the troubling effect, according to Venuti, of reinforcing an ethnocentric attitude towards foreign cultures the belief that other cultures are in position no different from ones own and therefore, that ones own culture is universal the prevalence of fluent domestication has support these developments the monolingual, unreceptive and narcissistic culture above because of its economic value enforced by editors, publishers, and reviewers, fluency results in translation that are eminently readable and therefore consumable in the book market, assisting in their commoditisation and insuring the neglect of foreign texts and English-language translations discourses that are more resistant to easy read ability (Venuti 1995, pp. 15-16).In order to resist and change the conditions under which translation is theorised and practiced today, especially in the English-speaking countries Venuti wants to instal forward a strategic cultural intervention in the ongoing state of world affairs, pitched against the hegemonic English language nations and their unequal cultural exchanges in which they engage theory global others (Venuti 1995, p. 20). Venutis literary argument then is that literary translators, in an effort to challenge current translation practices, should attempt a foreignising approach to translation. What this mean in practice is the production of texts that read as translations and the suggested method to achieve this effect is a theory of translation that emphasise heterogeneity of language.Languages are never monolithically homogeneous entities different agents go outside occupy language in a different way, according to whom, and in what manner, is an utterance is addr essed. Standard literary English is language that exists only in translated foreign literature. Foreignising translation then should attempt to disrupt the homogeneity compel by textual transparency and fluidity of the reading experience by inserting traces of heterogeneous language (slang, dialect, archaism, cliques, etc ) into an otherwise canonical translation. Foregnisation, according to Venuti, can exchange the way translations are read as well as produced (Venuti 1995, p. 24).Whether foregnisation can achieve the results that Venutis cultural political agenda aim towards is yet unclear Venuti himself reports that critical reviews of his translated works did indeed cause some reactions some reviewers found this choice of words unconvincing, suspecting that Italian romantics would not have verbalized themselves with the obvious colloquialism that Venuti strategically employed (Venuti 1998, 19). Such reproval only goes to confirm Venutis belief the fact is that Italian roma ntics would not have used most of the words in my translation because they wrote in Italian, not English (Venuti 1998, 19-20). The reader had to suspend her cultural and linguistic expectations towards to the foreign text and was forced to take notice of the mediated nature of the translated text, exposing in the criticism the dominant narrative form and a prevalent ethnic class (Venuti 1998, 20). Pym (Venutis Visibility Anthony Pym Target 8/2 (1996), pp. 65-177) is unconvinced about the passage from foregnisation to the professed egalitarian agenda if translators refuse to produce fluent texts, if they make themselves visible through the use of resistant strategiesall the rest will surely change too. Such would appear to be the gung-ho reasoning that makes Venuti so visible (Pym 2010, p. 2). The passage from a disrupted reading experience to the wider democratic agenda that Venuti takes for granted is rather unclear. Supposing a reader gets what Venuti is trying to do and is take n out of the illusion of being actually reading the words of the original author the reader becomes aware of the translation being a translation. How can this, beyond achieving a degree of visibility for the translators, achieve further goals?Venuti himself is aware of these difficulties and asks what would happen if a translator tried to redirect the process of domestication by choosing foreign texts that deviated from transparent discourse and by translating hem so as to signal their linguistic and cultural differences? Would this effort comprise more democratic cultural exchanges? Would it change domestic values? Or would it mean banishment to the fringes of Anglo-American culture? (Venuti 1995, pp. 40-41). Central to Venutis concerns, however, there is an aspect of translation that Pym recognizes as key to contemporary translation practices the question of copyrights. Copyrights Venuti apply a chapter of his 1995s work to the Italian writer Iginio Ugo Tarchetti (1839-1869) (V enuti 1995, 148-186). In 1865, Tarchetti plagiarised Shelleys tale the mortal immortal by translating it into Italian without acknowledging the English author.While Venuti recognises that the shrewdness and sheer audacity of Tarchettis plagiarism may make it attractive to dissidents in Anglo-American literary culture, he also recognises the practicable limits of such practice Tarchettis translation practices cannot be imitated today without significant revision. Plagiarism, for example, is largely excluded by copyright laws that bind translators as well as authors to publish an unauthorized translation of a copyrighted foreign text is to invite legal proceedings whose cost will far pass by the translators income from even a bestselling translation (Venuti 1995, 185). Venuti advice to contemporary English-language translator is not break the law, but rather, to choose carefully what to translate The choice of a foreign text for translation can be just as foreignising in its impact on the target-language culture as the imposture of a discursive strategy.At a time when deviations from fluency may limit the circulation of a translation or even prevent it from getting make in the first place, Tarchetti points to the strategic value of discriminating carefully among foreign texts and literatures when a translation project is developed (Venuti 1995, 185-186). Venuti calls attention to the manner in which contracts and copyright laws regulate the production of translated literature. Translation, according to the Berne international copyright convention is defined as derivative work (WIPO article 2 (3)). Therefore, translation is morally and legitimately bound to the will of the original author (WIPO article 8).Copyright law varies according to nations, the US and UK lacking the concept of powers rights that is present in most continental Europes laws, while the US and UK have clearly defined fair use clause that are not present in continental Europe. Pym agrees that copyright law on translation need revision The idea of limiting the authors translation rights to a short period of perhaps five years sounds like an excellent practical way of elating translations but at the same time, he is sceptical of drastic measures But is our complaint really that the translators piece of writing is never given full legal recognition? (Venuti 1995, p. 9) Do we have to do away with the distinction between author and translator, or even with copyright sole(a)ly? (Pym 2010, p. 4).International Copyright law reinforces the idea that translation is not transformative work, which is defined more narrowly in terms of criticism or parody. Translation as derivative work falls within the category of copy that is modulate by copy-rights. While much translation theory in the sometime(prenominal) 20 years since the emergence of translation studies as an academic discipline has struggled to establish translation as a serious intellectual try worthy of scholarl y attention, the commercial reality that regulates the production of translation tells a strikingly different tale literary translation, as a form of cultural production, is set by the practices of the publishing industry.The translation of foreign literature is subject to norms, laws and market restrictions, as well as architectural conditions. Lessing specimen of restriction that applies to all cultural commodities (i. e. culture that is bought and sold, of which translated literature is part of (Lessing 2005, 133). Lessing sees cultural commodities as subjected to restrictions that until the 20th century were fairly balanced publishers rights were regulated by copyrights law, so as to limit their monopoly over the production and dissemination of culture. This guaranteed the exclusive ability to reproduce and translate literary works on behalf of the author for a limited time.The concept of a limited monopoly was balanced by the fact that once such monopoly expired, artistic w orks would fall into the public domain and so become available for the general public to read, print, dish up and translate without the need to acquire the copyright holder permission. Unlike the law in continental Europe, according to common law practices in the US and UK, the copyright holder could control the distribution and translation of a work regardless of the authors wishes. In continental Europe, by contrast, the concept of authors rights recognise the moral right to claim authorship of a work and to retain the ability of stop distribution of his work.One efficiency wonder if, before the introduction of copyright laws, translators indulged indiscriminately in the plagiarism of foreign works as in the example of Tarchetti. The truth is that until 1790, in the unify States the right granted by a copyright only gave the author the exclusive right to publish a particular book and did not extend to derivative works it would not interfere with the right of someone other than t he author to translate a copyrighted book, or to adapt the story to a different form (such as a drama based on a published book) (Lessing 2005, 136) It seems almost impracticable in the contemporary world to imagine a time where the right of translators matched those of the foreign author.It seems natural to imagine the chaos that lack of copyrights would cause an innumerous number of translators plagiarising the work of foreign authors and passing them as their own creations. It is this trouble in regards to plagiarism, of a lack of clearly established standards of authorship that drives doubt about translation. Authorship as creative genius is a value that is attached to a person or a work of art. This value can be seen reflected in the idea of intellectual property which depicts copyrights rights as a natural state of affairs, that is, a natural property right. However, according to William Patry, copyrights are created solely the government and therefore should not be unders tood as an end in itself, but instead an end to a social objective furthering learning (Patry moral panic, 103).Patry argues that the essence of property is not absolute dominion over things, but rather, it is determined by a system of social relationships property is quintessentially and absolutely a social institution. each concept of property reflectsthose choices that we as a society- have made LAURA UNDERKUFFERLER, 203, 54 IN PATRY 103 (Patry 103). That means that copyrights, and the idea of authorship that underpins copyrights, are determined by social practices and therefore reflected in social norms, and finally and more concretely, in the legislation that regulate copyrights. Before copyright renewal in the United States became automatic in 1992, only a small percentage of authors claimed them, and even smaller percentage applied for renewal (Patry, 67-68).Paradoxically, copyright became valuable to corporations only when they were given automatically without authors havi ng to do anything to claim it Survey of renewal rank in the United Stes from 1910 to 2001 found a range between 3 percent in 1910 to 22 percent in 1991of all the books published the united states in 1930, and therefore under copyright until 2025, only 174, or 1. 7 percent, are still in print (Patry 68). The boundary that separates a legitimate creative response to a work of art and an unlawful one is made tangible in law by the hindrance to copy, adapt or translate without the consent of the foreign author. Such law, which seems almost common sense in contemporary society, has a relatively short history. Changing attitudes towards intellectual property rights reflect contemporary anxiety in regards to originality and authorship, which contributes to the marginality of translation.According to Venuti whereas authorship is generally defined as originality, self-expression in a unparalleled text, translation is derivative, neither self-expression nor unique it imitates another text given the rule concept of authorship, translation provokes the fear of inauthenticity, distortion, contamination (Venuti 1998, 31). This anxiety affects the most those touch about plagiarism, especially academic institutions and academic publishing translation is rarely considered a form of literary scholarship, it does not currently constitute a qualification for an academic appointment in a particular sphere or area of literary study, and, compared to original compositions translated texts are infrequently made the object of literary research (Venuti 1998, 32). Here Venuti is critical of the academic respect towards the original at the expenses of translation.The concept of authorship here joins that of fluent translation in an attempt to present the foreign author as the one who is speaking through the medium of the text, in order to ascertain the auctorial intention that constitutes originality (Venuti 1998, 31). The Translator hence become an uncomfortable middle man that m ust hide, as much as possible, both the facts that the text in question is a not the original, and that the foreign author did not employ the language of the translation. The middle man goes unnoticed, not by mere oversight, but quite deliberately. Copyright law, also reflected in translation contracts, perpetuate this neglect. Copyright, as we have seen, by defining translation as derivative work, confirm contracts that employ translators as work-for-hire, so that the product of their work belongs to the publishing club who do not have to acknowledge the translator.Practical example of this is the lack of the translators name on the cover of a volume or in library catalogue indexes, or the disparity between the royalties that the translator receives in comparison to those of the foreign author. The disparity between authorship and translation affects the whole production of commercially translated literature. What i would like to explore next is the side of contemporary translati on that is not affected by commercial consideration or in need of academic recognition. Here the language varies from non-commercial translation to amateur translation or fan-translation, but from the point of view of copyright holders it represents a more straightforward phenomenon theft of intellectual property, or in other words, piracy. PiracyAs Castells and Cardoso points out, we usually look at media consumption, of which translated literature is an example of, starting from a media industry definition (Castells and Cardoso 2012). In other words, the content that is normally available to us to read, watch or listen to is usually made available through the payment of a fee or because it is supported by advertising. The commercial relationship that binds together media companies and individual is regulated by a set of rules that are legally formalised into rights and obligations (Castells and Cardoso 2012). Piracy, by infringing these rights and obligations, can be a usefully employed to illustrate some of the issues that characterise the status of translation in the current world, how translation is produced and distributed.In short, the argument I would like to put forward is such piracy is used to describe everything that is not in the public domain but that can be obtained from non-authorised sources, shared with others, whether for free or not. This means that piracy could be whatever is made available to share that contain even parts, or traces, or adaptations, of existing copyrighted works. A pirate here is defined as anybody who makes use of existing copyrighted material in order to express something of his own (with the exception of criticism or parody, which are allowed by law) (WIPO? ). On one side of the debate there are net users and in particular peer-to-peer (P2P) networks function as efficient tools of distribution of digital content. On the other, litigious media corporations fighting a moral crusade against intellectual theft.The sides of this war, however, assume different connotations depending on who is doing the description for the copyright holding corporations, authors are being robbed of the fruits of their work here the fight is described as one between intellectual copyright owners and thieves. On the other side, is it estimated that more than 40 one million million American citizens have used the internet to download content hence a substantial part of US citizens is being criminalised. Lessing asks Is there another way to guarantee that artists get paid without transforming forty-three million Americans into felons? Does it make sense if there are other ways to assure that artists get paid without transforming America into a nation of felons? (Lessing 2005, 202).The model of distribution of culture that once revolved around a few selected corporations is now being challenged by technological innovations that were unimaginable a generation ago. digital content can be shared across the world free of p hysical constrains (such as books, shops, printing press, etc. ) but also free from the editors, publishers, and reviewers which Venuti sees as the source of neglect of foreign texts and translation practices that emphasise heterogeneity of discourse. The sharing possibilities offered by the net act as a source of heterogeneity they provide easily accessible, free to share, translated foreign literature that constitutes an substitute(a) to what is available commercially.Venuti limited his theory of translation within the boundaries of commercial translation, albeit as a form of dissidence in respect to the practices enforced by institutional channels. What is of interested here from the point of view of translation are the possibilities offered by working outside the commercial paradigm, the translation practices of those communities that focus on literature, like dojinshi, that are not accessible to the translators working within the legitimate sphere, whether due to social norms, ideology, poetics, of purely economic reasons. The net provides a venue (cultural space? Deleuze and Guattari) for that sub-cultures that are neglected by commercial organizations (and that could not be catered for legally by other institutions). ReferencesCastells, M. and Cardoso, G. 2012. Piracy Cultures Editorial Introduction. International Journal of colloquy Online 6. available at http//ijoc. org/ojs/index. php/ijoc/article/view/1610/732 Accessed 13 June 2012. Denison, R. 2011. Anime fandom and the liminal spaces between fan creativity and piracy. International Journal of Cultural Studies Online 14(5). obtainable at http//ics. sagepub. com/content/14/5/449. full. pdf+html Accessed 13 June 2012. Diaz Cintas, J. and Munoz Sanchez, P. 2006. Fansubs audiovisual translation in an amateur environment. The Journal of Specialised Translation Online 6. Available at http//www. jostrans. rg/issue06/art_diaz_munoz. pdf Accessed 13 June 2012. Hatcher, J. 2005. Of otaku and fansubs a cri tical look at anime online in light of current issues in copyright law. Online. Available at http//www. law. ed. ac. uk/ahrc/SCRIPT-ed/vol2-4/hatcher. pdf Accessed 13 June 2012. Hemmann, K. 2010. Dojinshi Online. Available at http//japaneseliterature. wordpress. com/2010/02/20/dojinshi-part-one/ Accessed 13 June 2012. Karaganis, J. et al. 2011. Media piracy in emerging economies. Online. Available at http//bibliotecadigital. fgv. br/dspace/bitstream/handle/10438/8526/MPEE-PDF-Full%20Book. pdf. txt? sequ.. Accessed 13 June 2012. Koulikov, M. 2010.Fighting the fan sub war Conflicts between media rights holders and unauthorized creator/distributor networks. Transformative Works and Cultures Online 5(0). Available at http//journal. transformativeworks. org/index. php/twc/article/view/115/171. Lee, H. K. 2009. Between fan culture and copyright infringement manga scanlation. Media, culture, and society Online 31(6). Available at http//www. yorku. ca/rcoombe/courses/Owning%20Culture/class0 3_Lee. pdf Accessed 13 June 2012. Lee, H. K. 2011. Participatory media fandom A case study of anime fansubbing. Media, Culture ball club Online 33(8). Available at http//www. kcl. ac. uk/artshums/depts/cmci/people/papers/lee/participatory. df Accessed 13 June 2013. Lessig, L. 2005. Free culture The nature and future of creativity. Penguin Group USA. Madison, M. J. 2007. Intellectual property and Americana, or why IP gets the blues. Fordham Intell. Prop. Media Ent. LJ Online 18. Available at http//ir. lawnet. fordham. edu/cgi/viewcontent. cgi? article=1407context=iplj Accessed 13 June 2012. Mehra, S. 2002. Copyright and comics in Japan Does law explain why all the cartoons my kid watches are Japanese imports. Rutgers L. Rev. Online 55. Available at http//corneredangel. com/amwess/papers/copyright_comics_japan. pdf Accessed 13 June 2012. Muscar, J. E. 2006.Winner Is Who-Fair Use and the Online Distribution of Manga and Video game Fan Translations. Vand. J. Ent. Tech. L. Online 9. Available at http//www-prod. law. vanderbilt. edu/publications/journal-entertainment-technology-law/archive/download. aspx? id=1694 Accessed 13 June 2012. Noda, N. T. 2008. When Holding On Means Letting Go Why Fair Use Should Extend to Fan-Based Activities. University of Denver Sports and Entertainment Law Journal Online 5. Available at http//law. du. edu/documents/sports-and-entertainment-law-journal/issues/05/05-noda. pdf Accessed 13 June 2012. Noda, N. T. 2010. Copyrights retold How interpretive rights foster creativity and justify fan-based activities.Seton Hall Journal of Sports and Entertainment Law Online 20(1). Available at http//law. shu. edu/Students/academics/journals/sports-entertainment/Issues/upload/Vol20_Noda_Formatted. pdf Accessed 13 June 2012. OHagan, M. 2009. Evolution of user-generated translation fansubs, translation hacking and crowdsourcing. Journal of internationalization and Localisation Online 1(1). Available at http//pablomunoz. com/wp-content/JIAL_2009_1 _2009_APA. pdfpage=102 Accessed 13 June 2012. Sanchez, P. M. 2009. Video Game Localisation for Fans by Fans The Case of Romhacking. The Journal of Internationalisation and Localisation stack I Online.Available at http//pablomunoz. com/wp-content/JIAL_2009_1_2009_APA. pdfpage=176 Accessed 13 June 2012. Venuti, L. 1995. The translators invisibility A history of translation. London New York Routledge. Watson, J. 2010. Fandom squared Web 2. 0 and fannish production. Transformative Works and Cultures Online 5. Available at http//journal. transformativeworks. org/index. php/twc/article/viewArticle/218/183 Accessed 13 June 2012. WIPO. Berne Convention for the Protection of literary and Artistic Works Online. World Intellectual Property Organisation. Available at http//www. wipo. int/treaties/en/ip/berne/trtdocs_wo001. html Accessed 13 June 2012.

Home of Mercy Essay

Harwoods Home of Mercy focuses on the ideas of conquest, youth and penalization by apply an abundance of literary and poetic techniques. All of the above high f totally the rigorous and rigorous nature of the Catholic church building, thus portraying Catholicism in a negative manner.Oppression through the perversion of the Christian precept is one of the key themes in the sonnet. The first description that the reader gets of the girls is that they atomic number 18 ruined. The news program ruined is a high modality word, and exemplifies the fact that these girls can non be fixed no matter how hard one tries. This creates a sand of pity as the word girls represents youth. There is also a perceive of order and routine that is demonstrated in the way the girls are locomote at the neat margin of the convent dumbbell. The word neat and the religious vision associated with the word convent depict a strict order.Grass is also associated with the discolour green, which represent s fertility. The fact that the girls are walking at the neat margin of the grass, shows that they are not allowed to be m new(prenominal)s. The girls are indeed counted as they pass. This establishes a sense of anonymity as we are looking at the girls as a whole group and not as individuals, which they are. This conveys that they are not cared for individually, and that they are in a acidulous environment. The sonnets stochastic variable is also directly related to the subject matter, as it is written in iambic pentameter which diegetically exposes the oppression of the young girls as of its strict rule. through with(predicate) the use of many poetic devices, such as imagery, the theme of oppression by religion is established whilst sticking to a strict form. offspring also plays a large role in this poem, as it highlights their artlessness and innate desires. The second stanza says that the girls smooth with roughened transfer their clumsy dress. The apposition of the word smooth and rough bring attention to the reader, as girls hands are not rough by nature, but rather delicate. This indicates that their youth is being taken away, resulting in the reader having feelings of hopelessness and sadness. This margin then continues with the words, that hide their growing bodies. The word ripening is related to fertility, and the girls hiding their ripening bodies establishes that they should be shameful of having sinned. The way they are hiding their bodies is similar to how the Church is hiding them away in these Magdalene Laundries.The utmost line of the second stanza is particularly trouble for the reader, due to the manner in which the girls are described as, yucky children in discommode. Mischievous is a term of endearment and when combined with the word distress connotes a feeling of worry and despair. In the final stanza of the sonnet, the girls are in chapel, however whilst they are supposed to be praying for repentance they are alternatively dreaming. This is embodied by the quotation, with prayer its sad recourse to dream and flight. This shows that the neertheless time the girls are free is in their thoughts. Therefore, the nature of youth is explored passim the sonnet through the use of literary devices such as juxtaposition and metaphors.Punishment of these girls is also a significant factor and is expressed by irony, and the cyclical nature of their daily routine. The girls work is long-winded and straining and is referred to as their intolerable weekday rigour. The word rigour has a harsh g as does the word vigour which is mentioned later on. This is cacophonous, and is diegetically representing what their work and tone is actually like. Their punishment is also very ironic, as they are launder for their sin, sheets soiled by other bodies. They are washing sheets in which other people have had sex, and that is the fundamental reason that they are in the Magdalene Laundry. Their punishment is also cyclical, as seen by the quote each morning, with the word each embodying a sense of routine.The washing machine also embodies a cyclical routine, therefore emphasising the nature of the girls punishment. The last line angels will wrestle them with brutish vigour is arguably the most disturbing line in the whole poem, because of the contrast it demonstrates. The word angels has a light sound, and symbolises happiness, and peace, whereas in this instance the word is used completely differently.The word grapnel has sexual connotations, thereby making it possible that this is a rape scene. The last line of this sonnet is very powerful and vividly portrays that these girls are never free, and that they will forever remain Fallen Woman. For the aforementioned reasons, punishment is of snappy importance in this poem as it gives both the poem and the girls structure.In summation, oppression by Catholicism, the nature of youth and punishment are all prevalent themes in this sonnet. Harwood uses many techniques, which manifest themselves into these three thematic concerns.

Life is what you make it Essay

A teeny boy c wholeed Andy was asked to audition with his classmates for a part in the school play. His induce knew that he had his heart set on be in the play and she was worried or so how he would react if he wasnt chosen. On the twenty-four hour period that the parts were given function out, Andys catch went to the school to collect him happening anxious near the outcome.Seeing his mother Andy rushed up to her, his eyes were shining with pride and excitement.Guess what Mum, he shouted, and indeed said the words that net provide a lesson to us entirely, Ive been chosen to clap and cheer.Understanding and effing that you argon so much more(prenominal) in control of your lives than you manytimes believe is not only reassuring, it is empowering. The way that you think de depotines the way that you feel and is the control digs for the volume of happiness that you female genitalia experience. The tone of your thinking essentially determines the quality of your life. Think about this .Did you know that you have 60 80,000 thoughts a day ?Yesterday I had a thought.That thought became an emotionThat emotion turn into words, the words fuelled action,The actions became a habit. My habits ar my Character,My Character defines my destiny.Today, thitherfore,Ill think about my thoughts a itsy-bitsy more.The power of constructive degree thinkingThinking corroboratoryly is not about putting your head in the sand, nor is itabout world unrealistic. By developing a positive stead you still project do the nix aspects of a situation, however you choose to focus on the desire and opportunity that is available. This approach helpers you to avoid pull aheadchting locked into a paralysing loop of cock-a-hoop feeling and allows you to move on quickly and take action to clear problems and embrace lifes challenges of which we inevitably experience. This quote says it allWhether you are an optimist or a pessimist might not affect the outcome, its but that the optimist has a better time in lifeJames Borg MindpowerThe term PMA is all about having a positive mental carriage. Many books about personal supremacy or self-improvement start with a sapiently focus on cultivating energy, enthusiasm and optimism in all areas of your life.. Developing a positive attitude is the key to health and happiness.Sustaining a positive attitudeCreating and maintaining a positive attitude is the most efficient and low-cost investment you stinkpot make in order to improve your life. A positive way of thinking is a habit and needs to be acquire through repetition and conscious effort on your part.Positive affirmations to stipulation your mind hobo be very useful. Saying things to yourself want I am an optimistic, hopeful, positive thinking person. Yes I accept that bad things can happen in my life, however I choose to forecast for positive opportunities and outcomes in every situation.A positive attitude is not reliant upon your genetic co mposition even if you are pre-disposed to negative thinking you can learn to move your thinking to the positive side. This depends entirely upon you and how you choose to think.How to be more positive about your lifeAvoid negative attitude germsLet me ask you a question. If you had a authentically bad shabby or flu would you walk over to someone and sneeze in their face? Hope securey notSo let me ask you other question. Have you ever had a bad day when someone or something has annoyed or upset you and you have felt the need to get it off your chest and have a good old emit to someone about it? I am sure that we have all been guilty of that from time to time. You are, in effect, spreading your NAGs Negative Attitude Germs. You whitethorn have noticed that when you are with someone who is suffering from a material or emotional problem, you feel bad too. Its often expound as catching their emotion. Researchers have observed this actually happening in real time in the brain, usin g an advanced MRI (Magnetic rapport Imaging) machine. It shows the brain of Person A reflects activity in the same area as Person B when they are in close proximity.The scientific term for this is neural mirroring. This does, therefore, point out the danger of hanging almost negative, pessimistic people if you prefer to be positive and optimistic.Choose to be a radiatorSome people you meet are like drains negative, negligent doom goblins and when we come into contact with them they drain us of energy. They like to give tongue to you about all their negative news and prefer to play the victim, wallowing in the poor me mentality. These are the people who when you ask them how they are they will serve with their shoulders slumped, eyelids drooped Well you know I feel really bad and then they will give you a graphic sport by blow account of all their woes and feelings of impendingdoom You may well know people like this. Perhaps it is a behaviour you indulge in? Perhaps we all do from time to time however does it really do us any favours?Other people, however, are like radiators full of warmth and vitality. We feel positively energised by them. They appear bright and radiant, look you in the eye and when you ask them how they are, they smile and tell you something positive.It is amazing how some people are so intent on being negative. I wonder whether they get up some days and plan to go into work to drain the radiators You may well know people like this. It might even be a behaviour that you indulge in yourself. If so, next time you find yourself doing this ask yourself how you will positively get from actively choosing this mind set.Take personal functionThe antidote for electronegativity is that you learn to accept responsibility for your situation. The very act of taking responsibility cancels out any negative emotion that you may trigger. By encompass responsibility you will reap many rewards. The successes brought by this attitude acts as a found ation for selfrespect, pride and confidence. Responsibility breeds competence and personal power. By donjon up to your promises and obligations, you will win the trust of others. Once you are seen as trustworthy, people will willingly work with you and want to be with you. Making excuses can put the brakes on our progress, while accept responsibility can lead us more towards succeed. It can be easy to blame others or circumstances for everything in our lives past, present or future. It lets us off the hook to some degree. However, ultimately it doesnt help us because we become a prisoner of circumstance and allow everything and everyone rough us to dictate our world.Positively learn from mistakesMaking mistakes is human and we cant get everything right all the time. To increase your rate of success you will have to be willing to accept that you will make mistakes along the way, the skill is that you positively learn from them. Certainly some of the exceed learning and character building experiences I have been through are on the back of mistakes.Mistakes are the portals of discoveryJames JoycePutting your excrete in the air and saying yes I recognise I do a mistake or I am responsible for that and this is what I am going to do to improve the situation is actually sooner liberating.For example admitting when we get something wrong and saying Im unrelenting can relieve a great deal of tension in any relationship. Humble pie can actually taste quite pure It isnt poisonous. It is a real skill to be brave fair to middling to admit when you dont get something right and have the obscureness to accept it, admit and then positively move on.Just because you mistakes it doesnt make you a lesser person or inferior to others. similarly if you never make mistakes, how do you learn?No-one can make you feel inferior without your consent feel can be an interesting and repugn journey and granted you may well get a little travel sick along the way and you may even hi t a few pot holes. However, by developing a positive attitude you will be much better equipped to be able to deal with everything so much better. It takes practise andcertainly there will be days when you really struggle to see the fair weather for the clouds. You may even decide you want to wallow a little and that is ok. The question though, is for how long?Life is what you make it and what makes your life worth living is your own personal voyage of discovery. We are all people in progress with so much undiscovered potential. How exciting and wonderful is that?Life is what you make it Top TipsThe first step to happiness is to make a conscious decision to be happyChoose to be an optimist not a pessimistActively seek out opportunities instead of problemsThink more consciously about what you think aboutAddress any negative attitude germs that you may be spreadingChoose to be a radiator not a drainAvoid blaming other people register from your mistakes and positively move onTake pers onal responsibility for all your actionsRemember this is your life and your life is what you make itAbout the authorLiggy Webb is widely respected as a leading expert in the matter of Modern Life Skills. As a presenter, consultant and author she is lusty about her work and helping to improve the quality of peoples lives.Her new book How to be Happy (Published by Capstone) is due out in August 2012. It will be available on virago and in all book stores. Email infoliggywebb.com to order a first edition signed copy. This makes an ideal gift and can be gift wrapped if requested at no extra charge.Liggy Webb explains how we can achieve a happier and more positive life andbacks up her guess with some great evidence and advice.Paul ONeill, Vice President, Guinness macrocosm Records Commercial This is a life enhancing book that will undoubtedly bring greater and longer lasting happiness to every readerRichard Denny, external Business Growth Specialist, Speaker and Author

Decontamination and Waste Management Essay

1.1.Identify unalike reasons people glide by.A People channelise for a variety of reasons. on that point are several different reasons why people communicate. People communicate each other to express needs,share ideas, study,to express feelings,to give knowledge and instructions.Read moreIdentify different reasons why people communicateessay1.2.Explain how effective communication affects completely aspects of your own work.AEffective communication is vital for the friendly condole with proletarian. The service user and the social role player need to understand each other intelligibly in order for the service user to receive the best mathematical trouble. Successful communication involves the social care worker speaking clearly and using phrases and sentences that service users can understand. This similarly involves the social care worker communicating clearly and openly with other members of staff, the manager and other professionals so as to make sure that the best possible care is provided and that this is make so reliably.1.3.Explain why it is important to assert an individuals reactions when communicating with them.AThe social care worker should always observe an individuals reactions to see whether he or she fully understands what you flip said to them. If the service user for example looks confused then the social care worker must then adapt their communication and re-phrase the head or statement. In this way communication will be effective. It is in any case important to observe an individuals reactions so as to stead anything that whitethorn be worrying them or upsetting them the social care worker will then have to transfigure their approach this may be noticed through the service users change in facialexpression or body language.2.1.Find out(a) an individuals communication and language needs, wishes and preferences.ALady A (Dementia) She likes when somebody use simply words, short sentences and not to loud. Lady B (hearing p roblems) She likes when staff talk to her louder. Lady C (Autism) She likes when we use the equal answers for the same questions.3.1.Identify barriers to effective communication.ABarriers to communication can occur because of language difficulties due to disabilities or illness for example learning disabilities, dementia, deafness abject eyesight or a stroke. A noisy environment and differences in languages spoken and cultures can also be barriers.3.4 Identify sources of entropy and strengthener or services to enable more effective communication.ASources of information and support are immediately available for the social care worker from the supervisor or manager of my care home. There are also specialist services like speech language therapists, translators and interpreters. Further sources could be the internet and the library.4.1 Explain the term confidentiality.AConfidentiality means any information that is held round a particular person is privileged and private. It is th e duty of all social care workers to make certain that this information is accessible besides to those authorized to have access to it.4.3 Describe situations where information normally considered to be confidential great power need to be passed on.AInformation about an individual should normally only be shared on a need-to-know basis. All information held within my care home is confidential to the care home as a whole. Other situations where confidential information might need to be passed on is when the individual or someone else is at risk of danger, harm or abuse.4.4 Explain how and when to seek advice about confidentiality.AI would always seek advice from my supervisor or my manager at the earliest opportunity if and when I saw that the information about a service user was being put at risk by the careless behaviour of for example a colleague at work. Depending on the urgency I would either ask them in private in the office or raise this in my supervision.